{"id":40,"date":"2012-05-19T11:15:41","date_gmt":"2012-05-19T11:15:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?page_id=40"},"modified":"2019-02-17T18:29:27","modified_gmt":"2019-02-17T15:29:27","slug":"tarihce","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?page_id=40","title":{"rendered":"Tarih\u00e7e"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

U\u00e7ucu ve yolcularda y\u00fcksek irtifa, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131, kozmik radyasyon, s\u00fcrat ve ivmeli hareketlere maruz kalmalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak t\u0131bbi, fizyolojik ve psikolojik sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n bunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretmek, koruyucu hekimlik ve e\u011fitim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmak bi\u00e7iminde \u00f6zetlenecek bir misyonu vard\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131k nedeni say\u0131lan problemlerin ana ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: \u0130rtifadaki oksijen azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (hipoksi), bas\u0131n\u00e7 azalmas\u0131 (dekompresyon hastal\u0131klar\u0131), denge ve y\u00f6nelim bozukluklar\u0131 (disoryantasyon, vertigo), g\u00f6rsel ill\u00fczyonlar, u\u00e7ak tutmas\u0131, jet-lag, G kuvvetlerinin neden oldu\u011fu bozukluklar (t\u00fcnel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f kararmas\u0131, bilin\u00e7 kayb\u0131), g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, vibrasyon, u\u00e7aktan atlama ile ilgili t\u0131bbi sorunlar, u\u00e7u\u015f korkular\u0131, uzay u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131ndaki fizyolojik-psikolojik bozukluklar, vs. Daha da geni\u015fletilebilecek olan bu listedeki rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar, u\u00e7ucular\u0131n etkin ve emniyetli bir u\u00e7u\u015f yapmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi gibi, t\u0131bbi bozukluklara ve u\u00e7u\u015f kazalar\u0131na da yol a\u00e7abilir. U\u00e7u\u015f kazalar\u0131nda insan fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn pay\u0131 %70-80 oranlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, u\u00e7ucular\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f hekimlerin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f emniyetinin vazge\u00e7ilmez bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olagelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131nda \u0130lk Y\u0131llar<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 ve u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru kavram\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcleri Almanlar ve Amerikal\u0131lard\u0131r. \u0130lk u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131 Almanya\u2019da 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131. 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019de ilk U\u00e7u\u015f Doktoru Okulu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Amerikan Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 Birli\u011fi (Aeromedical Association) kuruldu. Sadece 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi hava hekimi say\u0131s\u0131 4412\u2019dir. T\u00fcrk Hava Kuvvetlerinin kurulu\u015fu bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka \u00fclkeye g\u00f6re \u00f6ncelikli olarak 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mahmut \u015eevket Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda 2 balon ve 17 u\u00e7aktan ibaret olan hava g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda 16 u\u00e7ak, 30 pilot ve 10 makinist oldu. Her iki sava\u015fta da u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131m\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, m\u00fcttefikimiz Almanlar\u0131n g\u00f6nderdikleri u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131 (Dr. Kauer) T\u00fcrk pilotlar\u0131na da destek oldu.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015fu sonras\u0131nda pilot adaylar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imi ve y\u0131ll\u0131k pilotaj muayeneleri Eski\u015fehir\u2019de g\u00f6z m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 (sonradan t\u00fcmgeneralli\u011fe kadar y\u00fckselen) Bnb. Raif G\u00fcr\u00fcn ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Hava S\u0131hhi Muayene Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmakta idi; o tarihlerde havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f hekimler hen\u00fcz yoktu. 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda Elaz\u0131\u011f Askeri Hastanesi KBB m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 Dr.Yzb. Yusuf Ziya Balkan, Fransa ve \u0130talya\u2019ya kursa g\u00f6nderildi. \u0130lk u\u00e7u\u015f doktorumuz olan Yusuf Ziya Balkan (1) 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda yurda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra, u\u00e7u\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken vakalarda, KBB d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bran\u015flarda da \u201cfenni m\u00fctalaa\u201d vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda pilot se\u00e7imi ve yeti\u015fmi\u015f pilotlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k yeteneklerinin y\u0131ll\u0131k kontrol\u00fc ile ilgili ilk nizamname (y\u00f6nerge) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131; \u201chavac\u0131lara yeni rayice g\u00f6re u\u00e7u\u015f tahsisat\u0131 verilmesi ve elbiselerinin yakalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ma m\u00fcsaadesi\u201d askeri \u015furada karara ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cebeci Hastanesi asabiye m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 Dr.Bnb. R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Bilge (sonra general oldu), Eski\u015fehir Hastanesi g\u00f6z m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 Dr.Yzb. Haf\u0131z Kemal \u00d6mer G\u00f6zmen ve dahiliye m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 Dr.Yzb. Fahrettin Yakal, Fransa’ya Val de Grace Okuluna kursa g\u00f6nderildiler. Bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131ll\u0131k bir kurstan sonra 1935’de yurda d\u00f6nd\u00fcler ve havac\u0131l\u0131k m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 olarak Dr. R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Bilge ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Hava S\u0131hhi Muayene Komisyonunda havac\u0131 subaylar\u0131n muayenelerini yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u201cDevre muayenesi\u201d denen sa\u011fl\u0131k kontrollerinde ar\u0131zas\u0131 olanlar ge\u00e7ici veya s\u00fcrekli olarak u\u00e7u\u015ftan ay\u0131r\u0131lmakta idiler. Bu ekip o zamanki \u201cS\u0131hhi Beden Kabiliyeti Talimatnamesi\u201dni de haz\u0131rlad\u0131. 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alb. R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Bilge\u2019nin Hava Kuvvetlerinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine komisyon ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Alb. Yusuf Balkan getirildi. 1940’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda pilotlar\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131m sorunlar\u0131 nedeniyle muayeneye gelmelerinin zorlu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131narak, havalar\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015fa elveri\u015fli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 3-6 aya denk getirilmek suretiyle bu komisyon \u00fcslere gider, gezginci ekip olarak muayeneleri yerinde yaparlard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca askeri lise \u00f6\u011frencilerinden pilot yeti\u015ftirilecek olanlar\u0131n muayenesi i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul Maltepe ve Kuleli, Bursa I\u015f\u0131klar Askeri Liselerine ve Konya\u2019ya da giderler, Ankara\u2019ya Harp Okulu \u00f6\u011frencilerinin u\u00e7u\u015f muayeneleri i\u00e7in geldiklerinde Devlet Havayollar\u0131 pilotlar\u0131n\u0131 da muayene ederlerdi. Hava S\u0131hhi Muayene Komisyonu, 1945 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Eski\u015fehir Harp Okulu Hastanesinde ve (\u0130stasyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki binalarda yerle\u015fik bulunan) Askeri Mevki Hastanesinde g\u00f6revine devam etti.<\/p>\n

1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6z m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 Dr.Bnb. Selahattin Balaban, asabiye m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 Dr.Bnb. \u0130zzet F. Oykam, KBB m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 Dr.Yzb. Nevres Sayman, dahiliye m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 Dr.Yzb. Cemal Duman, GATA\u2019da te\u015fkil edilen bir heyet \u00f6n\u00fcnde mesleki ve \u0130ngilizce s\u0131nava tabi tutulduktan sonra ABD San Antonio’daki Randolph Field Havac\u0131l\u0131k Okuluna kursa g\u00f6nderildiler. Ankara\u2019dan Kahire\u2019ye u\u00e7akla ba\u015flayan yolculuk deniz ve havayolu aktarmalar\u0131yla 2,5 ay s\u00fcrd\u00fc (yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f 8 A\u011fustos, var\u0131\u015f 25 Ekim). Bu hekimler yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinden itibaren Eski\u015fehir Harp Okulu binas\u0131nda bulunan S\u0131hhi Muayene Komisyonu\u2019nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu hekimlerden \u0130zzet F. Oykam (2), renkli ki\u015fili\u011fiyle oldu\u011fu kadar, u\u00e7u\u015f n\u00f6ropsikiyatrisi ve havac\u0131l\u0131k tarihi \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplarla da iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bir ki\u015fidir. 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda ayn\u0131 kursa kat\u0131lan fizyolog Dr.\u00dct\u011fm. Hilmi Din\u00e7 (3), 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda yurda d\u00f6nd\u00fc. 1956\u2019da Hava Tababeti Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Geli\u015ftirme Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne atand\u0131. (Sonradan ba\u015ftabip, general ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131 da oldu, ama belki de en \u00f6nemli hizmetleri, Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Merkezinin kurulu\u015fundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile bir havac\u0131l\u0131k fizyolojisi kitab\u0131n\u0131 dilimize kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r). Bu kursa 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6z m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 Dr.Yzb. S\u00fcleyman G\u00fcle\u00e7 de g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n

Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Havac\u0131lar\u0131n muayenelerine ve havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik i\u015flev y\u00fcklenmi\u015f \u00fclkemizdeki ilk kurum Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesidir. Bu hastanenin havac\u0131l\u0131k tarihimizde \u00f6zel bir yeri vard\u0131r. 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201c4. Kolordu Hastanesi\u201d olarak \u0130stasyon b\u00f6lgesinde bir binada hizmet vermeye ba\u015flayan hastane, 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yunan i\u015fgali nedeniyle K\u0131r\u015fehir\u2019e nakledildi, \u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131 bitiminde gene eski yerine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4. Kolordu\u2019nun Had\u0131mk\u00f6y\u2019e intikali \u00fczerine yerinde b\u0131rak\u0131larak \u201cHava Hastanesi\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. 1946-48 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Y\u0131ld\u0131ztepe\u2019de \u201c302 No\u2019lu Seyyar Memleket \u0130\u00e7i 1000 Yatakl\u0131 Hava Hastanesi\u201d olarak hizmet verdi. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc binas\u0131n\u0131n temeli 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda at\u0131ld\u0131; Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlar\u0131 Korg. Muzaffer G\u00f6ksenin ve Org. Zeki Do\u011fan\u2019\u0131n ilgi ve destekleri ile in\u015faat\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lan ve bir milyon liraya mal olan Hava Hastanesi, 27 Ekim 1948 g\u00fcn\u00fc sade bir t\u00f6renle hizmete girdi. Tbp.Alb. Tevfik G\u00fcner ilk ba\u015ftabip olarak atand\u0131. 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015ftabip olan Tu\u011fg. Muhtar Davaz zaman\u0131nda hastanenin bilimsel kapasitesi \u00e7ok geli\u015fti. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131llar boyunca 500, 800 ve 1000 yatakl\u0131 yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131 olmu\u015fsa da, bug\u00fcn 600 yatakl\u0131 olarak hizmettedir. Hastane u\u00e7ak \u015feklindedir; burnu bat\u0131ya y\u00f6nelik olup, kanatlara klinikler, kuyruk b\u00f6lgesine idari b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve ba\u015fhekimlik yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Hastanenin bu mimari \u00f6zelli\u011fi, havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131na hizmet motivasyonuyla ilgili olsa gerektir.<\/p>\n

Hava Kuvvetleri b\u00fcnyesinde bug\u00fcn 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna kadar Eski\u015fehir, Etimesgut, G\u00fczelyal\u0131, Merzifon, K\u00fctahya ve Konya\u2019da hava hastaneleri bulunmakla birlikte, pilotaj muayenesi yapma yetkisi uzun y\u0131llar sadece ilk \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcne verilmi\u015f (2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda Merzifon Hava Hastanesi 4 No\u2019lu muayene merkezi olmu\u015ftur), fizyolojik e\u011fitim ise 1948 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren sadece Eski\u015fehir\u2019deki Merkezde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda askeri hastanelerin la\u011fvedilmesi s\u00fcrecinde bu Merkez\u2019e (U\u00e7ucu Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve E\u011fitim Merkezi, USAEM) dokunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fanss\u0131zl\u0131kla kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve e\u015fsiz binas\u0131 bir devlet hastanesine ba\u011fl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k birimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesinin T\u00fcrk havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, u\u00e7u\u015f emniyetinde \u00f6nemli bir yeri vard\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u00fclkemizde havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 anlam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ne varsa, bunlar\u0131n hemen hepsinin burada yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek abart\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesinin \u00fclkemiz havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemi, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 e\u011fitimi alan ilk tabiplerin burada g\u00f6revlendirilmeleri ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, sonra da u\u00e7ucular\u0131n fizyolojik e\u011fitimlerinde kullan\u0131lan cihazlar\u0131n buraya konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve hava tababeti kurslar\u0131n\u0131n burada yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Hava Sa\u011fl\u0131k Muayene Merkezi, U\u00e7ucu Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve E\u011fitim Merkezi (USAEM) ile GATA Hava ve Uzay Hekimli\u011fi Merkezi, Hava Hastanesi b\u00fcnyesinde bulunmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, belki de hastaneyi a\u015fan bir \u00f6neme sahip hale gelmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Ancak \u00fclkemizin politik olaylar\u0131, k\u00f6kl\u00fc kurumlar\u0131m\u0131zda deprem etkisi yapmaktad\u0131r. 15 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde Fet\u00f6 darbe giri\u015fiminin \u00fclkemizde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok dramatik zararlar (can kay\u0131plar\u0131, \u00fclke prestijinin zedelenmesi, demokrasinin ve halk\u0131n g\u00fcvendi\u011fi kurumlar\u0131n yara almas\u0131, ekonomik fatura, vs.) yan\u0131nda belki hafif kalacak bir \u015fanss\u0131zl\u0131k da \u00fclkemizin havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Darbenin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra h\u00fck\u00fcmet radikal kararlar alm\u0131\u015f; GATA ve 33 askeri hastane la\u011fvedilmi\u015ftir. Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesinin arka bah\u00e7esindeki USAEM binas\u0131 ve personeli Hava K.K. ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kal\u0131rken, GATA Hava ve Uzay Hekimli\u011fi bilim dal\u0131 personeli, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi i\u00e7indeki G\u00fclhane Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eski\u015fehir Asker Hastanesi de Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flanarak Yunus Emre Devlet Hastanesinin bir \u00fcnitesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f; hastanenin askeri hekimleri mavi \u00fcniformalar\u0131n\u0131 ve r\u00fctbelerini \u00e7\u0131kararak sivil hekim stat\u00fcs\u00fcne ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece, zaten bir k\u0131s\u0131m askeri u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru ve hava uzay hekimli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n darbe giri\u015fimi ba\u011flam\u0131nda ihra\u00e7 edilmeleriyle kan kayb\u0131na u\u011frayan havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n askeri aya\u011f\u0131, neredeyse bitmi\u015ftir. Bu misyona g\u00f6n\u00fcl vermi\u015f ki\u015filer olarak kendi k\u00fcllerinden bir yeniden do\u011fu\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sivil inisiyatifin bunu tel\u00e2fi edece\u011fini \u00fcmit etmekteyiz…<\/p>\n

U\u00e7ucu Muayenelerinde Zor Zamanlar : U\u00e7u\u015f muayeneleri bazen ki\u015filerin beklentilerini kar\u015f\u0131lamayan, bazen de ger\u00e7ekten kat\u0131 veya yanl\u0131\u015f kararlar \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. En yo\u011fun itiraz ve hakem muayeneleri u\u00e7u\u015f muayenelerinde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. U\u00e7u\u015f sevdas\u0131 i\u00e7indeki pilot aday\u0131 ve yeti\u015fmi\u015f pilotlardan u\u00e7u\u015fa sa\u011fl\u0131k nedeniyle elveri\u015fli bulunmayanlar u\u00e7u\u015ftan ayr\u0131lmamak i\u00e7in bazen ricac\u0131, bazen de su\u00e7lay\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Hekimlerin hatal\u0131 oldu\u011fu durumlar mutlaka olmu\u015ftur, ama muayene edilen ki\u015filerin de zaman zaman verilen kararlar\u0131 be\u011fenmemeleri, disiplin d\u0131\u015f\u0131 davranmalar\u0131, kurald\u0131\u015f\u0131 istekleri (hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rmezden gelinerek u\u00e7u\u015fa devam ettirilme, istirahat-rapor-u\u00e7u\u015ftan ayr\u0131lma vs. talepleri) g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6yle durumlarda olaya d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bakan ki\u015filer \u00e7o\u011funlukla hasta stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeki ki\u015fileri ma\u011fdur sayarak ondan yana tav\u0131r al\u0131rlar; bu nedenle t\u0131bb\u0131n \u201cdi\u015fi meslek\u201d oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. Hekimlerin kendi aralar\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeler veya komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n olaya m\u00fcdahil olmas\u0131 sonucu tats\u0131z hadiseler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu anektod bunun bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir: 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yb. Refik Bey\u2019in yerine ba\u015fhekimli\u011fe getirilen Bnb. S\u0131rr\u0131 Al\u0131\u00e7l\u0131 titiz bir ki\u015fi idi. Komisyon \u00fcyelerinin i\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fu nedeniyle cihaz kullanmadan yapt\u0131klar\u0131 muayeneleri yetersiz bularak raporlar\u0131 ya onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u015ferh koydu\u011fu i\u00e7in s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeler ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra i\u00e7 kanamadan \u00f6len bir subay i\u00e7in ihbar ve \u015fikayetler oldu; bunun \u00fczerine ba\u015fhekim G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fsuyu, Dr. Y. Balkan Ni\u011fde hastanelerine, Dr. F. Yakal ise ba\u015fka bir g\u00f6reve atand\u0131lar… Bu olaydaki subay bir t\u0131bbi hatadan \u00f6ld\u00fcyse ve buradaki hekimlerin su\u00e7lar\u0131 sabit idiyse, su\u00e7un kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 cezay\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz almal\u0131yd\u0131lar; ancak o g\u00fcn i\u00e7in \u00e7ok az say\u0131daki havac\u0131l\u0131k m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131 hekimlerin ihtisaslar\u0131yla ilgili olmayan hastanelere atanarak cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131, b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 bo\u015fluk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da yanl\u0131\u015f olmu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Cihazlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

27 Temmuz 1948 tarihinde T\u00fcrk-Amerikan yard\u0131m grubu u\u00e7u\u015f m\u00fcmessili Alb. Sweitzer ve yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Astsb. Sunders taraf\u0131ndan ilk al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u00e7emberi (Hypobaric Chamber) faaliyete ge\u00e7irildi; yeni Hava Hastanesi binas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra da burada kurulan laboratuara nakledildi (12 Ocak 1950). \u0130rtifa ve hipoksi simulasyonu amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan hipobarik \u00e7ember 1942 model Amerikan yap\u0131m\u0131, 8+1 ki\u015fi kapasiteliydi ve Almanya\u2019dan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O zamanlar vertigo e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in bir de Barany Sandalyesi kullan\u0131lmakta idi. 1949 y\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda, o g\u00fcne kadar al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u00e7emberinde 568 ki\u015finin e\u011fitime al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 88 ki\u015fide sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; bu sorunlar\u0131n 28 kulak, 11 di\u015f, 9 kar\u0131n, 5 sin\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, 15 Bend, 1 Choke ve 1 senkop oldu\u011fu rapor edilmekte idi.<\/p>\n

19-20 Ekim 1953 tarihlerinde \u201cLost Sheep\u201d manevras\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan Yunanl\u0131 pilotlardan 17’sine Hava Fizyoloji Laboratuar\u0131nda 25.000 feet irtifada al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 odas\u0131 e\u011fitimi verildi. Daha sonra 23 Aral\u0131k 1953 tarihinden itibaren 12\u2019\u015fer ki\u015filik gruplar halinde g\u00f6nderilen 200 civar\u0131nda Yunan pilotu, ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 L\u00fcbnan’l\u0131 ve \u0130spanyol pilotlar da bu e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irildi. 4 \u015eubat 1954 tarihinde hipobarik \u00e7ember ile Barany Sandalyesinden ibaret fizyolojik e\u011fitim cihazlar\u0131 hastanenin arka bah\u00e7esinde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olan fizyolojik e\u011fitim binas\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Merkezi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Tbp.Alb. Orhan G\u00fcven\u00e7 (4) taraf\u0131ndan projelendirip Eski\u015fehir 1. Hava \u0130kmal Bak\u0131m Merkezinde imal edilen, ak\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve V1, V2 isimleri verilen vertigo cihazlar\u0131 bir s\u00fcre kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda planetary, yaw ve roll hareketleri yapabilen bir Vertif\u00fcj Cihaz\u0131 Almanya\u2019dan al\u0131narak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131. 1980-1981 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Pakistan ve Banglade\u015f Hava K. pilotlar\u0131na bu cihazlarla fizyolojik e\u011fitim verildi. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Barany sandalyesi ve Vertif\u00fcj Cihaz\u0131 2. Ana Jet \u00dcs\u2019e, Hipobarik \u00c7ember ise Ye\u015filyurt\u2019daki Hava M\u00fczesine g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyadaki emsalleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6nde gelen bir yere sahip olan Hava Sa\u011fl\u0131k Muayene ve Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Merkezi binas\u0131n\u0131n temeli 10 Kas\u0131m 1986 g\u00fcn\u00fc at\u0131ld\u0131. Bir s\u00fcre Hava K. U\u00e7u\u015f Okulunun bulundu\u011fu \u0130zmir-\u00c7i\u011fli\u2019ye konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ve sonra, Hv.Tbp.Tu\u011fg.\u00c7etin Aslan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015ftabipli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde (Hava K.K. Org. Halil S\u00f6zer\u2019in emirleriyle), Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesi bah\u00e7esindeki eski yerine kurulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Merkez, 18 Aral\u0131k 1990 g\u00fcn\u00fc Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Org. Do\u011fan G\u00fcre\u015f\u2019in de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir t\u00f6renle a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Amerikan ETC firmas\u0131na sipari\u015f edilen modern fizyolojik e\u011fitim cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n montaj\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde, bu cihazlar\u0131 kullanacak, bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapacak olan personel (tabip, m\u00fchendis, teknisyen, fizyolojik e\u011fitim subay ve astsubaylar\u0131) ETC firmas\u0131n\u0131n Philadelphia\/Southampton\u2019daki fabrikas\u0131nda 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2 ay kurs g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Merkezde halen \u0130nsan Santrif\u00fcj\u00fc (G-Lab), Al\u00e7ak Bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u00c7emberi, Y\u00fcksek Bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u00c7emberi, Vertigo Cihaz\u0131 (Gyro-Lab), Gece G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Laboratuar\u0131 ve F\u0131rlatma Sandalyesi cihazlar\u0131 bulunmakta ve uygulamal\u0131 e\u011fitimler yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn yenisinin kurulmas\u0131 en az be\u015f kat\u0131na mal olacak olan b\u00f6yle bir merkez o tarihte 5.5 milyon dolara mal olmu\u015ftur. Bu cihazlar esas olarak askeri havac\u0131l\u0131k u\u00e7ucular\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimi amac\u0131yla al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ise de, zaman zaman sivil havac\u0131l\u0131k pilotlar\u0131 ve sivil u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131 da \u00f6zel izinlerle yararlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1 Mart 1991 tarihinden itibaren y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 jet u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 pilotlar\u0131na insan santrif\u00fcj\u00fc e\u011fitimi Merkezde verilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. (Bu tarihten \u00f6nce ABD\u2019de santrif\u00fcj e\u011fitimi alan F-16 pilotlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 5 bin dolar \u00f6denmekte idi.)<\/p>\n

Merkez ABD, \u0130ngiltere, Hollanda, \u0130spanya, Romanya, Polonya, Makedonya, Macaristan, Bulgaristan, \u0130srail, Suudi Arabistan, Endonezya, vb. gibi \u00fclkelerden gelen \u00fcst d\u00fczey heyetler taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret edildi. 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke pilotlar\u0131na da y\u00fcksek G alt\u0131nda anti-G manevralar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretilmesi (santrif\u00fcj) e\u011fitimi verilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131. 1 May\u0131s 1995 tarihinde bu e\u011fitim ABD Hava K. taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6rtifiye edildi. Bunun anlam\u0131, NATO \u00fclkeleri pilotlar\u0131n\u0131n fizyolojik e\u011fitimlerinin bu merkezde de yap\u0131labilece\u011finin ve ABD hava sahas\u0131nda u\u00e7u\u015f i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funun onaylanmas\u0131 idi. O tarihte santrif\u00fcj e\u011fitimi standard\u0131 ABD Hava K. taraf\u0131ndan onaylanm\u0131\u015f sadece 4 merkez bulunmakta idi. Bunlar ABD Hava ve Deniz K., Hollanda Kraliyet Hava K. ve T\u00fcrk Hava K. idi. Giderek bu e\u011fitime talip olan \u00fclke ve pilot say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131; Pakistan, Banglade\u015f, \u0130srail, \u00dcrd\u00fcn ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri pilotlar\u0131ndan e\u011fitim alanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 2003 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle bini ge\u00e7ti. Ancak bu standartta santrif\u00fcj e\u011fitimi olanaklar\u0131 kendi \u00fclkelerinde olmayan Avrupa \u00fclkeleri (\u0130spanya, Portekiz, Yunanistan, \u0130talya, Fransa, Almanya) \u00fclkemizde e\u011fitim almaya istekli olmad\u0131lar. Bu \u00fclkelerin Hollanda\u2019da e\u011fitim yapt\u0131rmaya devam etmelerinin nedeni, co\u011frafi yak\u0131nl\u0131k ve eski al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar da olabilir, ama b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla ikili anla\u015fmalar ve politik nedenler bu tercihte rol oynam\u0131\u015f gibidir.<\/p>\n

10 Eyl\u00fcl 1996 tarihinde, yeni cihazlarla verilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131lan e\u011fitim usullerini kar\u015f\u0131lamayan 1989 tarihli HKY 81-29 U\u00e7ucu Personelin Fizyolojik E\u011fitimi Y\u00f6nergesi, HKY 435-1 olarak g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirildi. 6 Kas\u0131m 1996 g\u00fcn\u00fc Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan t\u00f6rende, Merkeze u\u00e7u\u015f emniyeti arma\u011fan\u0131 verildi. \u00d6d\u00fcl verilmesinin nedeni, muhtemelen d\u00fcnya standard\u0131ndaki fizyolojik e\u011fitimlerin kaza k\u0131r\u0131m oranlar\u0131ndaki azalmada katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funun fark edilmesidir. Somut kan\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6sterilemese de, bu t\u00fcr e\u011fitimler mutlaka baz\u0131 kazalar\u0131 olmadan \u00f6nlemi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00f6nlenen bir kazan\u0131n bile maddi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm fizyolojik e\u011fitim cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti \u00fczerine, orada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ilavesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak rakamdan daha fazlad\u0131r. Bir pilotun insan olarak can\u0131n\u0131n kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ise maddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc yoktur.<\/p>\n

U\u00e7u\u015f Doktorlar\u0131 ve Hava Tababeti – Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Kurslar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru ihtiyac\u0131 1929\u2019dan itibaren 20 y\u0131l kadar yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kurslardan sa\u011fland\u0131. 2 Aral\u0131k 1948 tarihinden itibaren Eski\u015fehir\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lamaya ba\u015flayan kurslarla, \u00e7ok say\u0131da u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru yeti\u015ftirildi. 1. Havac\u0131l\u0131k Tababeti Kursu ABD\u2019de kurs g\u00f6ren T\u00fcrk doktorlar\u0131 ile Alb. Sweitzer idaresinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. 30 Nisan 1949 g\u00fcn\u00fc biten kurstan u\u00e7u\u015f tabibi olarak mezun olan ilk tabipler \u015funlard\u0131r: Dr.Bnb. Tevfik Erman, Dr.Yzb. Necmettin G\u00fcven, Dr.Yzb. Kemal \u00d6zdin\u00e7er, Dr.\u00dct\u011fm. Necdet Beken, Dr.\u00dct\u011fm. S\u00fcreyya T\u00fcre. 1949 ve 1950 y\u0131llar\u0131nda tamamlanan 2. ve 3. D\u00f6nem kurslardan da 13 tabip mezun edildi. O zamanki kurslar \u201c3 ay nazari ve 3 ay ameli\u201d olmak \u00fczere 6 ay devam etmekte; uygulamal\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde her tabip T-33 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda 1 saat ve C-47 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda da 3 saat u\u00e7u\u015f yapmakta idi. Nazari derslerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve s\u00fcreleri \u015f\u00f6yle idi: Fizyoloji 70 saat, n\u00f6ropsi\u015fiyatri 50 saat, g\u00f6z 40 saat, KBB 40 saat, dahiliye 35 saat, di\u015f 5 saat. Kara havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetindeki tabiplerin kursu toplam 5 saatlik nazari dersten ibaretti ve bunlara diploma ve br\u00f6ve verilmemekte idi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda Hava Harp Okulu \u00f6\u011frencileri bile hava tababeti konular\u0131nda toplam 30 saat ders almakta idiler. Havac\u0131lar lehine bu uygulamalar \u015f\u00fcphesiz o tarihlerde kara havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f olmamas\u0131yla ilgiliydi. 1948 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fclkemizde verilen kurslardan 2003 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle 64 d\u00f6nemde bin kadar hava, kara, deniz ve sivil u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru yeti\u015ftirilerek T\u00fcrk askeri ve sivil havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hizmetine verildi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin NATO\u2019ya girdi\u011fi y\u0131llarda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 jargonuyla ilgili ho\u015f bir anektod \u015fudur: ABD\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lacak \u201cflight surgeon\u201d kursu i\u00e7in tabip talebi hakk\u0131ndaki \u0130ngilizce yaz\u0131 motomot terc\u00fcme edildi\u011finde, \u201ccerrahi ihtisas\u0131 olan tabip\u201d istendi\u011fi san\u0131larak \u00f6nce bu nitelikte tabip aranm\u0131\u015f, \u201cu\u00e7u\u015f doktoru\u201d demek olan bu s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin do\u011fru anlam\u0131 sonradan fark edilerek durum d\u00fczeltilmi\u015ftir… Dr.Y.Z.Balkan\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p, NATO\u2019ya giri\u015fimizden sonra artan bir tempoda ve 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda da devam etmekte olan bir anlay\u0131\u015fla Hava Kuvvetleri yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru kurslar\u0131na daima \u00f6nem verdi. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda Almanya-M\u00fcnih kenti F\u00fcrstenfeldbruck \u00fcss\u00fcndeki fizyolojik e\u011fitim merkezine \u00e7ok say\u0131da havac\u0131 hekim 15 g\u00fcnl\u00fck inceleme gezisine g\u00f6nderildi. Hemen her y\u0131l bir askeri hekim ABD\u2019ye (Texas-San Antonio- Randolph Air Field\u2019e, sonraki y\u0131llarda Brooks Air Force City Base, School of Aerospace Medicine: USAF SAM\u2019e) kursa tertip edildi. Ancak 2-6 ay s\u00fcreli bu kurslardan d\u00f6nenlerin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru yerlere atanmad\u0131klar\u0131 ve kazand\u0131klar\u0131 bilgi ve deneyimlerden yeterince yararlan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir vak\u0131ad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda ABD Hava K. prati\u011finde, bu okuldaki kursu bitiren tabipler \u201chava hekimi\u201d olmakta ve sadece pilot muayenesi yapmaya yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nmakta idiler. Bu pozisyonun ad\u0131 \u201cAviation Medicine Examiner-AME\u201d idi. 1 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle bir u\u00e7u\u015f birli\u011finde pilotlarla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan ve en az 50 saat u\u00e7u\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra \u201cu\u00e7u\u015f hekimi\u201d (flight surgeon) \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 ve kanat (br\u00f6ve) takmay\u0131 hak etmekteydiler. U\u00e7u\u015f hekimlerinin r\u00fctbe ilerlemesi farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar u\u00e7u\u015f tazminat\u0131 almaktayd\u0131lar; hava hekimlerinin tazminat\u0131 ise 60 dolard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu okulda 1980\u2019li y\u0131llardan beri yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin sosyal destekleriyle g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f T\u00fcrk dostu bir memur olan Mr. Tony Lisac\u2019\u0131 anmak bir kadir\u015finasl\u0131k gere\u011fidir. Balkan k\u00f6kenli, birka\u00e7 dil bilen bu m\u00fckemmel ki\u015fi, muhatap oldu\u011fu herkeste \u00e7ok olumlu intibalar b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okulun logosundaki Latince iki s\u00f6zc\u00fckten olu\u015fan motto, u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revini \u00f6zetler: Volanti Subvenimus (Biz u\u00e7u\u015fun hizmetindeyiz). Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fckler T\u00fcrk u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131n\u0131n misyonunu da ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Doktor-Pilotlar : Hekimlikle pilotluk aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez bir ba\u011f oldu\u011fu, u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015fu beklendi\u011finden fazla sevdikleri, hatta hekim olarak yanl\u0131\u015f adreste bulunduklar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Bu olgunun \u00f6rne\u011fi olmu\u015f, pilotluk sertifikas\u0131 sahibi baz\u0131 askeri doktorlar \u015funlard\u0131r: Tbp.Tu\u011fg. \u00c7etin Aslan (fizik tedavi), Tbp.Alb. \u00c7etin Aky\u00fcrek (anestezi), Prof.Tbp.Alb. Atilla K\u00f6ksal (kad\u0131n- do\u011fum), Prof.Tbp.Alb. Hasan Fehmi T\u00f6re (kardiyoloji), Prof.Tbp.Alb. Yavuz Ayd\u0131ntu\u011f (di\u015f), Tbp.\u00dct\u011fm. Kadir Eren.<\/p>\n

Bayan U\u00e7u\u015f Doktorlar\u0131 : Hava Kuvvetlerimiz 1955 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u00e7ok say\u0131da bayan pilot subaylar yeti\u015ftirdi. Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrk Hava Kurumu\u2019ndan ve Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k Y\u00fcksek Okullar\u0131ndan mezun olan, \u00e7e\u015fitli sivil u\u00e7u\u015f okullar\u0131ndan e\u011fitim alan bayan pilotlar da askeri ve sivil havac\u0131l\u0131kta g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131lar. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f havac\u0131l\u0131kta kuramsal olarak cins ayr\u0131m\u0131 yoktur; d\u00fcnyada ve \u00fclkemizde bayan pilotlar gibi bayan tabipler de erkek arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte havac\u0131l\u0131k hizmetinde bulunmaktad\u0131rlar. Bayan u\u00e7ucular\u0131n bayan u\u00e7u\u015f tabipleri ile muhatap olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren \u00f6zel durumlar olabilece\u011fi de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bayan u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131n\u0131n ek bir i\u015flevsellikleri oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bu dal\u0131n ilki, 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda br\u00f6ve alan \u00e7ocuk hastal\u0131klar\u0131 uzman\u0131 Yb. T\u00fcrkan Demirel\u2019dir. 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren T\u011fm. \u00d6zden Polat, T\u011fm. Almora Duman, T\u011fm. G\u00f6kcan \u00d6zdemir, \u00dct\u011fm. Beng\u00fc Teke ve sivil Dr. El\u00e7in Y\u0131ld\u0131z u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru br\u00f6vesi ald\u0131lar. 2003 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle 8\u2019i sivil olmak \u00fczere 35 bayan u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru T\u00fcrk havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hizmetine verildi.<\/p>\n

Hava Tababeti ve Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Kursu Alan Di\u011fer Personel : U\u00e7u\u015f hekimli\u011finin kendilerini ilgilendiren y\u00f6nlerinde bilin\u00e7li davranmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla zaman zaman, di\u015f tabibi, eczac\u0131, diyetisyen ve psikologlar da bu kurslara al\u0131nm\u0131\u015flarsa da, bunun \u00e7ok isabetli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r ve son y\u0131llarda uygulanmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak fizyolojik e\u011fitim subay ve astsubaylar\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla ba\u015fka bir kurs a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu personel hava tababeti kurslar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, fakat fizyoloji a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir ders program\u0131na tabi tutularak e\u011fitilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Hava Yoluyla Hasta ve Yaral\u0131 Tahliye Tekni\u011fi Kurslar\u0131 : \u0130lk kez 6 Mart 1953 tarihinde u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan C-119 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda \u201chavadan yaral\u0131 tahliyesi\u201d g\u00f6steri ve konferans\u0131 verildi. 7 Aral\u0131k 1953’de 1. d\u00f6nem, 1 Aral\u0131k 1954 tarihinde de 2. d\u00f6nem kurslar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131; kurslar\u0131n s\u00fcresi 1 ay idi. \u0130lk kursa 5 tabip \u00fcste\u011fmen (As\u0131m \u015eermet, Hamit Z.G\u00f6kalp, Nusret \u00c7elebiler, \u0130smail Karaaslan, \u00d6mer Sevsevil) ile 6 ordu hem\u015firesi kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kurslar sonraki y\u0131llarda hava tababeti kurslar\u0131 i\u00e7inde u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131na verilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. 3. d\u00f6nem kurs, 5 sa\u011fl\u0131k astsubay\u0131 ve 4 hem\u015firenin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla 1 hafta s\u00fcreli olarak 12-16 Haziran 1996 tarihlerinde gene Eski\u015fehir\u2019de yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

U\u00e7u\u015f Psikolojisi Kurslar\u0131 :\u00a0Bu kurslar da Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesi Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Merkezinde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 2 haftal\u0131k e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7en \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu askeri sivil memur olan psikologlar hava \u00fcslerinde ve Hava Harp Okulunda g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015flerdir. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda GATA\u2019n\u0131n la\u011fvedilmesinden sonra do\u011fan bo\u015flukta \u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u00dcniversitesi inisiyatif alarak, 2017 ve 2018 y\u0131llar\u0131nda iki\u015fer kez \u2018Havac\u0131l\u0131k Psikolojisi Sertifika Kursu\u2019 d\u00fczenlendi. Prof.Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6netimindeki kurslardan psikolog, hekim ve pilot stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde 100\u2019den fazla say\u0131da kursiyer sertifika ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Subay ve Astsubaylar\u0131 : U\u00e7uculara u\u00e7u\u015f stat\u00fclerine g\u00f6re 3-5 y\u0131l aralarla verilen fizyolojik e\u011fitimler, TSK\u2019da fizyolojik e\u011fitim subay ve astsubaylar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. U\u00e7u\u015f terminolojisini ve tekni\u011fini bilen ve genellikle u\u00e7u\u015ftan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu subaylar fizyolojik ve t\u0131bbi bilgileri de \u00f6\u011frenmeleri amac\u0131yla hava tababeti kurslar\u0131na tertip edilmi\u015flerdir. Bu \u015fekilde 11 fizyolojik e\u011fitim subay\u0131 ve 28 fizyolojik e\u011fitim astsubay\u0131 yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015f, bunlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kurslara ve ayr\u0131ca Osmangazi \u00dc. T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi Fizyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde verilen solunum ve dola\u015f\u0131m fizyolojisi derslerine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015flerdir. Eski y\u0131llarda kadrosu da, g\u00f6revlendirilmesi de olmayan fizyolojik e\u011fitim subayl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ilk kez 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda, u\u00e7u\u015ftan sa\u011fl\u0131k nedeniyle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan Sacit K\u0131l\u0131ncer (Eski\u015fehir) ve H\u00fcsn\u00fc Onu\u015f (G\u00fczelyal\u0131) ile ba\u015flad\u0131. ABD\u2019de hava tababeti ve fizyoloji kurslar\u0131 g\u00f6ren Pl.Bnb. Sacit K\u0131l\u0131ncer\u2019in (5) Amerikan kaynaklardan terc\u00fcme ederek haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Ders Kitab\u0131 bug\u00fcn de ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini koruyan temel bir ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131 durumundad\u0131r. Yurti\u00e7i ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kurslardan ge\u00e7erek ba\u015far\u0131yla g\u00f6rev yapan sonraki fizyolojik e\u011fitim subaylar\u0131, Saim Seymen, Co\u015fkun Zaim, Hasan Sezgin, B\u00fclent Ceylan, Rag\u0131p Akman, Ahmet K\u0131c\u0131ro\u011flu, \u00dcmit Salman, Mustafa Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, Kaan Y\u0131lmaz, Serkan \u015eener ve Yusuf T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk fizyolojik e\u011fitim astsubaylar\u0131 ise 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda Almanya-Veisbaden\u2019de 1.5 ay kurs g\u00f6rerek yeti\u015ftirildiler (Nazmi Taylan, Mustafa Ulutepe, Y\u00fcksel Vural, M.Ali \u015eenler). Sonraki y\u0131llarda yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve yurti\u00e7i kurslar g\u00f6rerek deneyim kazanm\u0131\u015f, u\u00e7ucular\u0131n fizyolojik e\u011fitimlerinde canla ba\u015fla g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f de\u011ferli astsubaylar vard\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcm pilotlar\u0131n sevdi\u011fi ve komutanlar\u0131n her vesileyle iltifatlar\u0131na mazhar olmu\u015f birisi de Kd.B\u00e7v\u015f. Tuncay Uz\u2019dur.<\/p>\n

Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n Tedavi Amac\u0131yla Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

1948-1955 y\u0131llar\u0131nda al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 odas\u0131 asthma ve bo\u011fmaca \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tedavisinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Daha \u00f6nce baz\u0131 ki\u015filerin tedavi amac\u0131yla \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 bir \u015fekilde u\u00e7a\u011fa bindirerek tedavi \u00fcmidi ba\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 bo\u011fmacada al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 odas\u0131nda tedavi ile % 40 tam, % 50 k\u0131smi ba\u015far\u0131 elde edildi\u011fi bildirildi. Bu tedavinin 1 seans\u0131 i\u00e7in sivil hastalardan 5 lira al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131na dair emir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Asthma tedavisinden de \u00e7ok memnun oldu\u011funu, n\u00f6betlerinin kesildi\u011fini ifade eden hastalar olduysa da bunun \u00e7ember i\u00e7inde %100 oksijen solunmas\u0131na ve plasebo etkiye mi ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi gibi bu y\u00f6ntemler bug\u00fcnk\u00fc tedavi usulleri aras\u0131nda yer almamaktad\u0131r. Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Merkezindeki cihazlar\u0131n e\u011fitim d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tedavi amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na 1990’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda vertigo cihaz\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7ak tutmas\u0131nda, hipobarik \u00e7emberin asthmada, ve hiperbarik \u00e7emberin de y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 oksijen tedavisinde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile devam edildi.<\/p>\n

Hiperbarik oksijen tedavisi, bug\u00fcn ba\u015fta karbon monoksit zehirlenmesi, diyabetik ve gangrenli yaralarla osteomiyelitin iyile\u015ftirilmesi gibi endikasyonlar\u0131 olan \u00e7ok etkili bir tedavi y\u00f6ntemidir. Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Merkezinde b\u00f6yle bir cihaz\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l amac\u0131, hipobarik \u00e7ember u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131nda bazen g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen dekompresyon hastal\u0131klar\u0131na ivedilikle m\u00fcdahaledir. Ancak bu durumla olduk\u00e7a seyrek kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, cihaz \u00e7o\u011funlukla yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavileri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Merkezin Hava Kuvvetleri ve GATA Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131ndaki De\u011fi\u015fiklikler<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 No\u2019lu Hava Sa\u011fl\u0131k Muayene ve Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Merkezi, esas olarak Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesinin bir ek birimidir. Bu birimin Sa\u011fl\u0131k Muayene b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hep Hava Hastanesi b\u00fcnyesinde kalm\u0131\u015f ancak Fizyolojik E\u011fitim b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, son elli y\u0131lda ba\u011flant\u0131 ve stat\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Hava Kuvvetleri ile G\u00fclhane Askeri T\u0131p Akademisi (GATA) aras\u0131nda 5 kez gidip gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk kez 19 Nisan 1953 tarihinde (Ankara’da yer bulununcaya kadar Eski\u015fehir\u2019de kalmak \u00fczere) GATA\u2019ya ba\u011fland\u0131. 25 \u015eubat 1955 g\u00fcn\u00fc Merkez tekrar Hava Hastanesi kurulu\u015funa girdi. 22 Ocak 1956 tarihinde ise Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Geli\u015ftirme Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek, m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe Tbp.Kd.Yzb. Hilmi Din\u00e7 atand\u0131. Sonraki 30 y\u0131l boyunca 1 No’lu Hava S\u0131hhi Muayene ve Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Merkezi olarak g\u00f6rev yapan kurum, 12 Kas\u0131m 1986 tarihinde tekrar GATA’ya ba\u011fland\u0131 ve GATA Hava ve Uzay Hekimli\u011fi Merkezi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flant\u0131 ile birlikte, Hava Hastanesi uzman tabiplerinden kendi dallar\u0131nda k\u0131demli olan alt\u0131s\u0131 GATA kadrosuna ge\u00e7irildi (\u0130smet Nuho\u011flu: \u00fcroloji, \u00d6mer Yalu\u011f: g\u00f6z, Rami \u00c7\u0131dam: KBB, Selim S. Sakarya: cerrahi, H\u00fcseyin Karabayram: i\u00e7 hastal\u0131klar\u0131, Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7: psikiyatri). Bu hekimler hem pilotaj muayenelerinden ve hem de hastanedeki klinik ve poliklinik hizmetlerinden sorumlu olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131lar. Bu \u00e7ifte sorumluluktan \u00e7ok, \u00e7ifte ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunmak, zaman zaman idari sorunlar ve s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeler yaratt\u0131. Merkezin fiziksel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131, personelin izin, disiplin ve ek g\u00f6revlendirmeleri konular\u0131nda Ba\u015ftabiplik ile GATA\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 Merkez y\u00f6neticileri aras\u0131nda problemler oldu. T\u0131bbi ve bilimsel yo\u011funlu\u011fu hi\u00e7 bitmeyen GATA\u2019da, hastane i\u00e7indeki bir \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi odas\u0131ndan ibaret Hava ve Uzay Hekimli\u011fi Bilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Eski\u015fehir\u2019deki Merkez personelinin bilimsel ve idari deste\u011fini arzu edilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremedi. Telefon ileti\u015fimi, yaz\u0131\u015fmalar ve y\u0131lda 3-5 kez yap\u0131lan ziyaretlerle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen destek yetersiz kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

26 Aral\u0131k 1997 tarihinde merkez GATA kurulu\u015fundan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak Hava Sa\u011fl\u0131k Muayene ve Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Merkezi ad\u0131yla tekrar Hava Kuvvetlerine ba\u011fland\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Merkez, Ba\u015ftabiplik emrinde olarak pilotaj muayenelerini ve fizyolojik e\u011fitimleri yapt\u0131rmakta, ayn\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Hava ve Uzay Hekimli\u011fi Bilim Dal\u0131 uzman hekimleri ve birka\u00e7 idari personel ise, GATA ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131nda uzmanl\u0131k e\u011fitimi, kurs, ders ve bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan sorumlu olarak i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Ancak 2003 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kurulan Sa\u011fl\u0131k Ordusu, TSK\u2019daki t\u00fcm sa\u011fl\u0131k te\u015fkilleri gibi Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesini de b\u00fcnyesine ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Merkez Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 : Merkez Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dr. R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Bilge, 1938\u2019de Dr. Yusuf Balkan taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. Daha sonraki ba\u015fkanlar \u015funlard\u0131r: Tbp.Alb. Hilmi Din\u00e7 (1956-58), Tbp.Alb. \u0130zzet F. Oykam (1958-59), Tbp.Alb. Turan Alasya (1959-65), Tbp.Alb. As\u0131m Kaplan (1965-70), Tbp.Alb. Orhan G\u00fcven\u00e7 (1970-74), Tbp.Alb. Vahyi \u015eenel (1974-78), Tbp.Alb. Muharrem Bak (1978-79), Tbp.Alb. Hasan Sezer (1979-80), Tbp.Alb. Remzi Din\u00e7el (1980-82), Tbp.Alb. \u00c7etin Aslan (1982-83), Tbp.Alb. Cudi Canoru\u00e7 (1983-84), Tbp.Alb. \u0130smet Nuho\u011flu (1984-86), Do\u00e7.Tbp.Alb. Cebbar Dengiz (1986-87), Tbp.Alb. \u00d6mer Yalu\u011f (1988-1991), Tbp.Alb. H\u00fcseyin Karabayram (1991-93), Do\u00e7.Tbp.Alb. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7 (1993-98), Tbp.Alb. Tayfun Alver (1998-2001), Tbp.Alb. Yal\u00e7\u0131n \u00dcnal (2001- ).<\/p>\n

Bu listede Merkez\u2019in GATA ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 gereken karma\u015f\u0131k bir durum s\u00f6z konusudur. 1988-1998 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda fiilen Merkez Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 halde, \u00d6mer Yalu\u011f, H\u00fcseyin Karabayram ve Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7, Ankara-GATA\u2019daki Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Eski\u015fehir\u2019deki Merkez Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla, Kurslar K\u0131s\u0131m Amiri olarak g\u00f6revlendirildiler. Bu devrede Hava Hastanesine ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunan Muayene Merkezi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tbp.Alb. \u0130lhan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m (1988-93), Do\u00e7.Tbp.Alb. Faruk Ild\u0131z (1993-94) ve Tbp.Alb. Abdullah \u00d6ks\u00fcz (1994-97) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. Merkezin t\u00fcm\u00fcyle tekrar Hava Kuvvetlerine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1997 sonunda Do\u00e7.Tbp.Alb. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7 GATA kadrosundan Hava K. kadrosuna ge\u00e7irilerek, tekrar birle\u015ftirilen Muayene ve Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Merkezi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atand\u0131. Sonraki y\u0131llarda Tbp.Alb. Tayfun Alver ve Tbp.Alb. Yal\u00e7\u0131n \u00dcnal da ayn\u0131 stat\u00fc ile g\u00f6revlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

GATA Hava ve Uzay Hekimli\u011fi Bilim Dal\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amerika\u2019da hava hekimli\u011finin bir t\u0131p uzmanl\u0131k dal\u0131 olarak kabul\u00fc 1953, \u00fclkemizde ise yan dal uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda oldu. 1973 tarihli t\u0131pta uzmanl\u0131k t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u201chava ve uzay hekimli\u011fi\u201d ana bilim dal\u0131 olarak yer ald\u0131, ancak hi\u00e7bir t\u0131p fak\u00fcltesince b\u00f6yle bir bilim dal\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir hekim de bu ihtisas\u0131 yapmak \u00fczere ba\u015fvuramad\u0131. 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda GATA Askeri T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi kuruldu\u011funda komutan ve dekan olan Hv.Tbp.T\u00fcmg. Prof. Necati K\u00f6lan, Askeri Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 Hava Hekimli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olu\u015fturdu ve ba\u015f\u0131na da Hv.Tbp.Alb. Cebbar Dengiz atand\u0131. \u00dclkemizde bir ilk olan bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda bilim dal\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve 1988-2004 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 7 hava ve uzay hekimli\u011fi uzman\u0131 mezun edildi: Cem B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7ak\u0131r, Mustafa Alan, U\u011fur Y\u0131lmaz, Ahmet Ak\u0131n, Ertun\u00e7 T\u00fcrbedar, Ahmet \u015een, Zeki Dulkadir.\u00a0Sonraki y\u0131llarda mezun olan \u015fu uzmanlar ile kadrolar zenginle\u015fmi\u015ftir: Levent \u015eenol, Erdin\u00e7 Ercan, Tolga \u00c7akmak, Naz\u0131m Ata, Sava\u015f \u0130lbasm\u0131\u015f,\u00a0S\u00fcleyman Metin,\u00a0Engin Demir, \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Hakan G\u00fcnd\u00fcz…<\/p>\n

Bu hekimlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131 do\u00e7ent ve do\u00e7ent \u00fcnvan\u0131 kazanarak, profes\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe do\u011fru kariyerlerini geli\u015ftirme yoluna girdiler. Ancak bu daldaki e\u011fitimini yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tamamlayarak 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201chava hekimli\u011fi uzman\u0131\u201d, 1982\u2019de de \u201cuzay ve hava tababeti do\u00e7enti\u201d olan Cebbar Dengiz (6) konunun ilkidir. Di\u011fer \u00fcniversitelerimizin t\u0131p fak\u00fcltelerinin bu bilim dal\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7makta gecikmeleri (veya b\u00f6yle bir bilim dal\u0131n\u0131 yok saymalar\u0131), sivil havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n t\u0131bbi zafiyet unsurlar\u0131ndan birisi olsa gerektir.<\/p>\n

Merkezin GATA\u2019n\u0131n bilimsel \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131na girmesi ve ayn\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapmas\u0131yla birlikte bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Merkez personelinin imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u0130ngilizce bildiriler 1992 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren AGARD toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda, Balkan T\u0131p kongrelerinde ve (havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 alan\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en itibarl\u0131 organizasyonu olan) “Aerospace Medical Association” un y\u0131ll\u0131k bilimsel toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda sunuldu. Bu birli\u011fin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine” adl\u0131, konusundaki en prestijli dergide makaleler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. 26-28 Ekim 1994 tarihlerinde \u00fclkemizde ilk kez olmak \u00fczere Merkezde NATO Flight Surgeons Refresher Course d\u00fczenlendi. Bel\u00e7ika, \u0130spanya, Danimarka, Portekiz, Almanya, Yunanistan, \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti ve Kanada\u2019dan kat\u0131lan 17 u\u00e7u\u015f doktoruna, havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcncel konular\u0131ndaki dersler GATA ve Hava Hastanesi personeli taraf\u0131ndan \u0130ngilizce olarak verildi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nceki ve sonraki y\u0131llarda Hava K.K. De\u011f.Dent. ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n emirleriyle t\u00fcm hava \u00fcsleri m\u00fcteaddit defalar ziyaret edildi; u\u00e7uculara, bak\u0131m personeline ve hava trafik kontrol\u00f6rlerine psikososyal anketler uyguland\u0131, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 komutanl\u0131\u011fa rapor edildi. Pilotlara Anti-G manevralar\u0131, vertigo, hipoksi, gece g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f problemleri, stres, beslenme, kondisyon, LSA, CRM vb. konularda konferanslar verildi. \u00dcs ziyaretlerinde u\u00e7ucu e\u015flerine de u\u00e7u\u015f streslerini azaltmadaki i\u015flevlerini hat\u0131rlatan seminerler sunuldu. Merkezde de \u00e7e\u015fitli vesilelerle paneller yap\u0131ld\u0131. GATA\u2019n\u0131n Ankara\u2019da, Merkezin Eski\u015fehir\u2019de konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131, fiziksel uzakl\u0131k nedeniyle bilimsel ve idari deste\u011fi zaafa u\u011fratm\u0131\u015f ise de, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar genelde yararl\u0131 oldu. Bu dal\u0131 se\u00e7en hekimleri motive etmek amac\u0131yla, ikinci bir uzmanl\u0131k yapabilme veya pilotaj e\u011fitimi alma hakk\u0131 gibi \u00f6neriler ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irilemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in hava ve uzay hekimli\u011fi uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru say\u0131s\u0131 beklenenin \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda kald\u0131. Zaten az say\u0131daki uzmanl\u0131k \u00f6\u011frencilerinden birisinin (Dr. \u00d6zkan \u00c7ay\u0131r) i\u00e7 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ihtisas\u0131 yapmak \u00fczere istifas\u0131, bir di\u011ferinin (Dr. Osman Karamuk) \u015eile\u2019de bo\u011fularak \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, bir uzman\u0131n da (Dr. U\u011fur Y\u0131lmaz) ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle TSK hizmetindeki uzman say\u0131s\u0131 istenilen yeterlili\u011fe ula\u015famad\u0131. Halbuki ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, mezun edilen uzman say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a istihdam sorunu ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131ndan kayg\u0131 duyulmu\u015f, bu uzmanlar\u0131n muayene merkezlerinde ve t\u00fcm hava birliklerinde g\u00f6rev alabilecekleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi kayg\u0131lar\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, heyecan verici de bulunmu\u015ftu. Sonu\u00e7ta, sivil havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re fevkalade, ama askeri havac\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in beklenenin alt\u0131nda ve daha da geli\u015ftirilmeyi gerektiren bir durum olu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

GATA Hava ve Uzay Hekimli\u011fi Bilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 : Do\u00e7.Hv.Tbp.Alb. Cebbar Dengiz (1986-87), Prof.Hv.Tbp.Alb. \u00dcmit Sar\u0131kayalar ve Prof.Hv.Tbp.Alb. M. Kemal Sava\u015fan (1987-98), Prof.Hv.Tbp.Alb. Mustafa \u00d6zkan (1998-2001), Prof.Tbp.Alb. Hasan Fehmi T\u00f6re (2001- )<\/p>\n

Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 ve \u201cAeroMedical Examiner\u201d Pozisyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 prati\u011finde g\u00f6rev alan hekimler \u00fc\u00e7 kategoride s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir, bunlar;<\/p>\n

1-U\u00e7u\u015f Doktoru (flight surgeon) : Askeri havac\u0131l\u0131kta u\u00e7u\u015f birliklerinde g\u00f6rev yapan; filo, u\u00e7u\u015f hatt\u0131, intikal gibi ortamlarda u\u00e7ucularla birlikte bulunarak onlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck hastal\u0131klar\u0131, psikolojik durumlar\u0131, yorgunluk, uyku, beslenme ve kondisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan izleyen ve destek olan hekimlerdir. \u00dclkemizde 6 haftal\u0131k bir kurs ile yeti\u015ftirilmektedirler; bu kurs ABD\u2019deki temel havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 kursuna (primary) e\u015fde\u011fer olup, orada 5,5 ayl\u0131k tekam\u00fcl\u00fc (advanced) de vard\u0131r. ABD\u2019de bu hekimler sivil havac\u0131l\u0131kta da yetkilidirler.<\/p>\n

2-Hava ve Uzay Hekimli\u011fi Uzman\u0131 : 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f bulunan t\u0131pta uzmanl\u0131k t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 4 y\u0131la uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bir uzmanl\u0131k e\u011fitimi sonunda kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir akademik stat\u00fc olup, havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131, e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetlerini kapsayan bir g\u00f6rev alan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu uzmanl\u0131k e\u011fitimi (RAM) s\u00fcresi ABD\u2019de 2 y\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3-AeroMedical Examiner (AME) : Uluslar aras\u0131 sivil havac\u0131l\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 (ICAO, FAA, JAA), u\u00e7ucu muayene ve kontrollerini yapacak hekimlerin (JAR\u2019a g\u00f6re 180 saatlik, FAA\u2019ya g\u00f6re 5 g\u00fcnl\u00fck) havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015farta ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2 devre olarak Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesinde a\u00e7\u0131lan bu kurslardan 24 sivil tabip, 6 hafta s\u00fcreli e\u011fitim ile bu stat\u00fcy\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015f olup, her 3 y\u0131lda bir (5 g\u00fcnl\u00fck) tazeleme (refresher) kurs almalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u201cHava hekimi\u201d niteli\u011findeki bu hekimler Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yetkilendirildikten itibaren ilgili hastanelerde u\u00e7ucu muayenelerinde g\u00f6rev alabilmektedirler.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de uymak zorunda oldu\u011fu uluslar aras\u0131 sivil havac\u0131l\u0131k kurallar\u0131, \u00fclkemizde \u201cAME- AeroMedical Examiner\u201d stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde e\u011fitimli hekim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle uzun y\u0131llar boyunca uygulanmad\u0131 (Halbuki TSK\u2019dan emekli \u00e7ok say\u0131da u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131 vard\u0131). T\u00fcrk Hava Yollar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llarda Hava K.K. ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 protokol ile, sivil pilotlar Eski\u015fehir, Etimesgut ve G\u00fczelyal\u0131 Hava Hastanelerinde periyodik muayenelerini yapt\u0131rd\u0131lar. Ancak baz\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere g\u00f6re pilotlar\u0131n yo\u011funlukla bulundu\u011fu \u0130stanbul ve Antalya\u2019da hava hastanesi olmamas\u0131 ve Eski\u015fehir\u2019in uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle, baz\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere g\u00f6re ise muayenelerin s\u0131k\u0131 tutulmas\u0131 ve baz\u0131 pilotlar\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015ftan ay\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na tepki olarak… protokol 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda bozuldu. Bu tarihten sonra standart t\u0131bbi cihazlar\u0131 ve uzman hekim kadrolar\u0131 olan hemen her hastane (ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 halinde), Ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131ndan pilotaj muayenesi yapma yetkisi almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece t\u00fcm \u00fcniversite hastaneleri, baz\u0131 devlet, numune ve \u00f6zel hastaneler bu yetkiyi ald\u0131; 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda say\u0131 47 oldu. Ancak Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 Derne\u011fi\u2019nin uyar\u0131lar\u0131 ve JAA\u2019n\u0131n zorlamas\u0131 sonucu Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Hava K.K. ile 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeni bir protokol yaparak 2 d\u00f6nem AME kursu tertipledi. Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesindeki bu kurslardan 24 sivil hava hekimi mezun edildi. JAA standard\u0131nda 180 saat s\u00fcreli bu kurslar\u0131 alan hekimler ve onlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastaneler, Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca yetkilendirilmeleri sonras\u0131nda, sivil u\u00e7ucular\u0131n muayene ve u\u00e7u\u015fa elveri\u015flilik de\u011ferlendirmelerini yapacaklard\u0131r. Aralar\u0131nda Erzurum Numune hastanesi, Adana, Bursa ve \u0130stinye Devlet hastaneleri, Abant \u0130. Baysal, Isparta S. Demirel, Pamukkale, 100.Y\u0131l, Atat\u00fcrk, Cerrahpa\u015fa, Sel\u00e7uk, vb. gibi \u00dcniversite hastanelerinin de bulundu\u011fu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n yetkileri iptal edildi; karma\u015fa \u00f6nlendi. Yeni uygulamada yetkilendirilmi\u015f hastaneler 5-10 gibi azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir say\u0131da olacak, pilotaj muayeneleri havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f en az 2 hekimin bulundu\u011fu bu hastanelerde yap\u0131lacak; b\u00f6ylece da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131k engellenmi\u015f, sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu olup da g\u00f6zden uzak hastanelerden u\u00e7abilir raporu almaya yeltenmesi olas\u0131 ki\u015filerin \u00f6n\u00fc kesilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Hedef, bu hastanelerin Bakanl\u0131kla ve birbirleriyle on-line ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7inde olmalar\u0131, u\u00e7ucu sa\u011fl\u0131k kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirlerine aktarabilmeleri, havac\u0131l\u0131k muayene ve fizyolojik e\u011fitimlerine \u00f6zel baz\u0131 donan\u0131mlar edinmeleri ve giderek havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 merkezi (AMC – Aero Medical Center) niteli\u011fini kazanmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 Derne\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde benzerleri bulunan sivil havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki eksikli\u011finden hareketle, 3 May\u0131s 2000 g\u00fcn\u00fc Eski\u015fehir\u2019de bir grup emekli hava tabip (Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7, Faruk Ild\u0131z, \u0130smet Nuho\u011flu, Arma\u011fan Ba\u015fl\u0131, Metin Beritan, Abdullah \u00d6ks\u00fcz, G\u00fcnhan Alano\u011flu) \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 Derne\u011fi kuruldu. (Yunanistan\u2019daki e\u015fde\u011feri olan HAMS\u2019\u0131n -Hellenic Aerospace Medical Society- kurulu\u015f tarihi 1993\u2019d\u00fcr.) Dernek internetten ula\u015f\u0131labilecek olan uluslar aras\u0131 sivil havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u201cTurkish Aerospace Medical Association (TAMA)\u201d ad\u0131yla yerini ald\u0131. Derne\u011fin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e internet sitesindeki (www.hvtd.org) manifestosunda, \u201caskeri havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kurumla\u015fm\u0131\u015f havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 deste\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131n, sivil havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bir dizi t\u0131bbi zafiyet unsurlar\u0131 bulundu\u011fu tesbiti ve bunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri getirme misyonu\u201d ile yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edildi. Web sitesindeki B\u00fclten\u2019de havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcncel konular\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcn bilimsel yaz\u0131lara, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere, terc\u00fcmelere yer verilerek konuya a\u015fina olan ve olmayanlara g\u00fcncel bilgiler sunuldu. Dernek, THY gibi sivil havac\u0131l\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131, Ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131 ile, pilotlar Derne\u011fi (TALPA) ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yaparak, medyada ve \u00e7e\u015fitli bilimsel toplant\u0131larda konuyla ilgili mesajlar vererek misyonunu yerine getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yak\u0131n zamana ait sivil u\u00e7ak kazalar\u0131nda g\u00f6zlenen t\u0131bbi unsurlar\u0131n vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorum yaz\u0131lar\u0131 ilgili ki\u015filere ve \u00fcyelere g\u00f6nderildi. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 77 oldu.<\/p>\n

2019\u00a0y\u0131l\u0131nda, bu misyona herhangi bir \u00e7\u0131kar g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fcyle de\u011fil, u\u00e7u\u015f emniyetine katk\u0131 sunmak amac\u0131yla destek verenler ve yeni kat\u0131lanlarla birlikte \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 140\u2019\u0131 ge\u00e7ti. Dernek 2006 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fclkemizde konusunda ilk ve tek olan \u2018Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 B\u00fclteni\u2019 ad\u0131yla bir dergi \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 2019\u00a0y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a034.\u00a0say\u0131ya eri\u015fen\u00a0dergi,1.500\u00a0sayfal\u0131k hacimde bir \u2018bilgi bankas\u0131\u2019 haline geldi.<\/p>\n

Tarihten Gelece\u011fe \u00dcmit ve Beklentiler<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n tarih\u00e7esiyle ilgili olarak yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z edilen ki\u015fi, kurum ve olaylar\u0131n hemen hepsinin Hava Kuvvetleri, Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesi ve GATA \u00e7evresinde oldu\u011funu, yani T\u00fcrk havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 tarih\u00e7esinin maalesef sadece askeri havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek abart\u0131 de\u011fildir. 1929\u2019da ba\u015flay\u0131p 1986 sonras\u0131 ivme kazanan ve bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkeye g\u00f6re \u00fclkemiz havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi konuma getiren geli\u015fmeler gurur verici olsa da, 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sivil havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu alana g\u00f6n\u00fcl vermi\u015f ki\u015fileri pek de tatmin etmeyen bir tablo vard\u0131r. Bundan sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in dilek ve beklentiler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

1-\u00dcniversitelerimizin Havac\u0131l\u0131k Y\u00fcksek Okullar\u0131nda ve T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltelerinde Hava ve Uzay Hekimli\u011fi Bilim Dallar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, Y\u00d6K\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Havac\u0131l\u0131k \u00dcniversitesi, Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k Kurumu, TSK\u2019da ise Havac\u0131l\u0131k Akademisi kurulmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

2-Sivil havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda pilotaj muayeneleri i\u00e7in yetkilendirilmi\u015f hastanelerin \u201cAero Medical Center\u201d niteli\u011fine kavu\u015fmu\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

3-Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n ve bir sa\u011fl\u0131k otoritesinin bulunmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

4-B\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fct\u00e7eli kamu veya \u00f6zel sivil havac\u0131l\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (THY, THK) kendi havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 \u00fcnitelerini olu\u015fturmalar\u0131,<\/p>\n

5-Havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sadece teknik bir i\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, insan fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015famsal \u00f6nemde oldu\u011fu bilinciyle, farkl\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n bilimsel bir rekabet i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmalar\u0131, kongreler tertiplemeleri, dergi ve kitaplar yay\u0131nlamalar\u0131…<\/p>\n

1002 senesinde Horasan\u2019da \u0130mam Cevheri isimli T\u00fcrk gencinin Ulu Cami kubbesinden tahta kanatlarla u\u00e7ma denemesi yaparken yere \u00e7ak\u0131lmas\u0131ndan, uzaya a\u00e7\u0131lma planlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bug\u00fcne ge\u00e7en bin y\u0131lda u\u00e7u\u015f sevdas\u0131yla paha bi\u00e7ilmez hizmetler yapm\u0131\u015f, ad\u0131 bilinen ve bilinmeyen ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na t\u0131bbi y\u00f6nden hizmetleri olanlar da vard\u0131r; tarih onlar\u0131 da unutmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 Konular\u0131nda Yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Kitaplar<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0U\u00e7ucular\u0131n Muhtelif U\u00e7u\u015f Kademe ve U\u00e7u\u015f Hareketlerindeki Asabi ve Ruhi Durumlar\u0131n\u0131n Tetkiki, \u0130radelerinin Rol\u00fc ve Hastal\u0131klar\u0131. Alkol ve Pilotlar.\u00a0Dr. \u0130zzet Oykam. Eski\u015fehir Hava Okulu Matbaas\u0131 1946.<\/p>\n

– Havac\u0131l\u0131k Hijyeni. K. G\u00f6zmen, M. \u015eahinba\u015f, A. Koryak, F.Yakal, S. Tosun, H. Meri\u00e7, S. Balaban, \u0130. Oykam, N. Sayman, C. Duman. Eski\u015fehir, 1949.<\/p>\n

– Havac\u0131l\u0131k Tababetinde Fizyoloji. Tbp.Yzb. Hilmi Din\u00e7. Eski\u015fehir, 1955<\/p>\n

– T\u00fcrk Askeri Havac\u0131l\u0131k Hekimli\u011fi Tarihi. Tbp.Alb. \u0130zzet F. Oykam. Eski\u015fehir, 1956<\/p>\n

– U\u00e7u\u015f Hekimleri El Kitab\u0131. (ABD Hava K. Flight Surgeon Manual terc\u00fcmesi) Tbp.Alb. \u0130zzet F. Oykam. Eski\u015fehir, 1958<\/p>\n

– U\u00e7u\u015f Ekibi \u0130\u00e7in Hava Tababeti El Kitab\u0131. (AGARD 154 no’lu yay\u0131n\u0131n terc\u00fcmesi) Tbp.At\u011fm. \u00dcner Tan. Eski\u015fehir, 1974.<\/p>\n

– U\u00e7u\u015f Fizyolojisi. (ABD Hava K. kaynaklar\u0131ndan terc\u00fcme) Tbp.\u00dct\u011fm. Ferit Acar. \u00c7i\u011fli, 1974<\/p>\n

– Hava Psikolojisi. (Aviation Psychology kitab\u0131 terc\u00fcmesi) Ankara, 1975<\/p>\n

– Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Ders Kitab\u0131. (ABD Hava K. kaynaklar\u0131ndan terc\u00fcme) Pl.Yzb. Sacit K\u0131l\u0131ncer. Ankara, 1982.<\/p>\n

– Hava Fizyolojisi. (ABD Hava K. Physiological Training kitab\u0131 terc\u00fcmesi) Ankara, 1975<\/p>\n

– T\u00fcrk Asker Hekimli\u011fi Tarihi. Tbp. General Kemal \u00d6zbay. \u0130stanbul Matbaas\u0131. \u0130stanbul, 1976<\/p>\n

– U\u00e7u\u015f Doktoru ve U\u00e7u\u015f Emniyeti. Do\u00e7.Hv.Tbp.Alb. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7. Hava K.K. Ankara, 1994<\/p>\n

– Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 El Kitab\u0131. Edit\u00f6r: Do\u00e7.Hv.Tbp.Alb. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7. 1. Tak.Hv.K.K. Eski\u015fehir, 1995<\/p>\n

– \u0130nsan Performans\u0131 ve Limitleri. Anadolu \u00dc. Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k Y\u00fck.Ok. yay\u0131n\u0131. (JAA- Jeppesen terc\u00fcmesi) Haz\u0131rlayanlar: Co\u015fkun Zaim, Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7. Eski\u015fehir, 2001<\/p>\n

– Dalg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131k ve U\u00e7uculukta Otorinolarengoloji. Do\u00e7.Dr. Faruk Ild\u0131z. KBB.Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve Ba\u015f Boyun Cerrahisi. Edit\u00f6r: Onur \u00c7elik. Turgut Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul 2002. s.1081-92<\/p>\n

– Sualt\u0131 ve Havac\u0131l\u0131k A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan KBB Hekimli\u011fi. M. \u0130brahim H\u0131zalan, Faruk Ild\u0131z. KBB Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve Ba\u015f-Boyun Cerrahisi. Edit\u00f6r: Can Ko\u00e7. G\u00fcne\u015f Kitabevi, Ankara 2004. s.1365-91<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Havadan T\u0131bbi Nakil.\u00a0\u015eener S, Karc\u0131o\u011flu \u00d6. (Eds). Akademisyen T\u0131p Kitabevi, Ankara, 2014.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Havac\u0131l\u0131k ve Uzay Psikolojisi.\u00a0\u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7 M. Nobel Akademik Yay. Ankara, 2016.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0<\/i>Temel ve Klinik Psikiyatri.(Edit\u00f6r: O. Karamustafal\u0131o\u011flu.) Havac\u0131l\u0131k ve Uzay Psikolojisi.(M.\u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7). G\u00fcne\u015f T\u0131p Kitabevleri, \u0130stanbul, 2018. s. 955-73.<\/p>\n

Kaynak :\u00a0\u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7 M, Ata N. (2010) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 Tarih\u00e7esi. Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 B\u00fclteni,\u00a0Say\u0131 24, s. 602-5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

U\u00e7ucu ve yolcularda y\u00fcksek irtifa, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131, kozmik radyasyon, s\u00fcrat ve ivmeli hareketlere maruz kalmalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak t\u0131bbi, fizyolojik ve psikolojik sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n bunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretmek, koruyucu hekimlik ve e\u011fitim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmak bi\u00e7iminde \u00f6zetlenecek bir misyonu vard\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131k nedeni say\u0131lan problemlerin ana ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: \u0130rtifadaki oksijen azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (hipoksi), bas\u0131n\u00e7 azalmas\u0131 (dekompresyon […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-40","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=40"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2926,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40\/revisions\/2926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=40"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}