{"id":1266,"date":"2013-07-20T23:15:35","date_gmt":"2013-07-20T20:15:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=1266"},"modified":"2025-11-25T12:22:25","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T09:22:25","slug":"havacilikta-oruc-tutmak-ya-da-tutmamak-referans-islam-ulkeleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=1266","title":{"rendered":"HAVACILIKTA ORU\u00c7 TUTMAK YA DA TUTMAMAK; REFERANS \u0130SLAM \u00dcLKELER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Muzaffer<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Kritik i\u015fler yapan insanlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 Ramazan ay\u0131 boyunca oru\u00e7 tutmakla tutmamak aras\u0131nda teredd\u00fctte kal\u0131r; bir tarafta orucun neden oldu\u011fu sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 ve performans azalmas\u0131, di\u011fer tarafta bir dini vecibeyi yerine getirmemenin su\u00e7luluk duygusu… Baz\u0131 dini otoriteler bu konuda net olarak negatif kanaat bildirirken; \u00e7o\u011funun sessiz kalmas\u0131 ve z\u0131mnen, \u201cbiraz kendini zorlayarak\u201d oru\u00e7 tutmay\u0131 desteklemesi, bocalaman\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki nedenlerden birisi olsa gerektir… Baz\u0131 ki\u015filer 18 saatlik bir yaz orucunu, beyin ameliyat\u0131 yapan doktorun da, uzun yol s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn, u\u00e7ak pilotunun ya da hava trafik kontrol\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn de hi\u00e7bir riske girmeden kald\u0131rabilece\u011fini; s\u0131nava haz\u0131rlanan \u00f6\u011frencilerin ya da sporcular\u0131n oru\u00e7tan pek etkilenmeyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor olmal\u0131lar…<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde dinimizle ilintili konularda s\u00f6ylenen makul s\u00f6zlerin bile hemen din kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve agresif tepkiler g\u00f6sterilmesi nedeniyle, \u00e7o\u011fu bilim ve din adam\u0131, siyaset\u00e7i ve b\u00fcrokrat, \u201csak\u0131ncal\u0131\u201d konulara te\u011fet ge\u00e7en s\u00f6ylemleri tercih ederler. Sadece bug\u00fcn de\u011fil, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte de; sadece \u015fu parti de\u011fil, \u00f6tekiler de Ramazan ay\u0131nda kritik i\u015fler yapan insanlar\u0131n kendileri ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kaza riski olu\u015fturabileceklerine ve orucu ertelemelerine dinimizin de cevaz verdi\u011fine dair bir uyar\u0131da bulunmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Halbuki T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1984-2004 aras\u0131 20 y\u0131ldaki trafik kazalar\u0131n\u0131n, Ramazan ay\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fenlerin oran\u0131nda %10 d\u00fczeyinde bir fazlal\u0131k oldu\u011fu (1) bulgusu bile cesaretli s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylemek i\u00e7in yeterlidir. Ba\u015fka \u0130slam \u00fclkelerindekiyle paralellik g\u00f6steren bu ve benzeri bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelmek veya yok saymak vicdana s\u0131\u011fmaz.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda cesaretli s\u00f6ylemleri olan ki\u015filerden birisi il\u00e2hiyat profes\u00f6r\u00fc Zekeriya Beyaz olup, devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ve doktorlar\u0131n oru\u00e7 tutmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015fti. Prof. Ya\u015far Nuri \u00d6zt\u00fcrk de, “Peygamberimizin seferi durumlarda hi\u00e7 oru\u00e7 tutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; ki\u015finin yolculu\u011fun kendisini ne kadar zorlayaca\u011f\u0131na vicdanen karar verip oru\u00e7 tutmayabilece\u011fini; kendisinin de yo\u011fun konferans trafi\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir g\u00fcn salland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissetti\u011fi i\u00e7in orucunu bozdu\u011funu<\/em>” s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Keza Prof. Dr. Osman M\u00fcft\u00fco\u011flu ve Prof. Dr. G\u00fclg\u00fcn Ersoy genel sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, Prof. Dr. \u0130brahim Balc\u0131o\u011flu ve Dr. \u015eaban Acarbay sportif ba\u015far\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcyle orucun yan etkilerinden bahseden yaz\u0131lar yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Orucun insan bedenine ve psikolojisine etkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oru\u00e7la ilgili k\u0131sa bir internet taramas\u0131ndan bile sa\u011flanabilecek bilgilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: \u00d6zellikle uzun yaz oru\u00e7lar\u0131nda g\u0131da ve s\u0131v\u0131 al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tamamen kesilmesi sonucu; dehidrasyon, kan yo\u011funlu\u011fu artmas\u0131 (tromb\u00fcs-emboli riski) ve \u00fcrik asit y\u00fckselmesi (gut hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riski) olur. Kalp, tansiyon, \u015feker gibi kronik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar\u0131n g\u00fcn boyu ila\u00e7 alamamalar\u0131 ya\u015famsal riskler yaratabilir. Mide \u00fclseri, b\u00f6brek ta\u015f\u0131, epilepsi, bipolar hastal\u0131k, depresyon, panik anksiyete, vb. durumlarda ise tedavinin d\u00fczensizle\u015fmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 alevlenmeler g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Uzun oru\u00e7 s\u00fcrecinde en yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclenler ise yorgunluk ve ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim Ramazan ay\u0131nda oru\u00e7 tutanlarda migren ataklar\u0131 3 kat artmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcnl\u00fck uyku-uyan\u0131kl\u0131k-yeme ritimlerinin kaymas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sersemlik hissi, dikkat-bellek bozukluklar\u0131; sigara tiryakilerinde huzursuzluk, sinirlilik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinde Ramazan ay\u0131nda kan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n %35 azald\u0131\u011f\u0131, su\u00e7 ve kaza oranlar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve i\u015f veriminin %70’den fazla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bildirilmektedir (2,3). Orucun fizik performans\u0131 ve ortostatik tolerans\u0131 azaltarak G kuvvetlerine direnci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden askeri pilotlar\u0131n oru\u00e7 tutmas\u0131 kesinlikle yasaklanmaktad\u0131r (4).<\/p>\n

\u0130slam \u00fclkelerinden \u00f6rnekler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 oru\u00e7la ilgili potansiyel riskleri konu edinen ba\u015fka ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z edilebilir, ama bunlar baz\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 ki\u015fileri tatmin etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in maalesef \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinden referanslar aramak ve sav\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bunlara dayand\u0131rmak zorunda kal\u0131yoruz. Daha \u00e7ok dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fcmidiyle, oru\u00e7la ilgili yorum ve \u00f6rnek uygulamalar\u0131 \u0130slam \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerinden vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

1. Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri<\/strong> Trafik Polis Otoritesi, Abu Dabi’de iftar saatlerine do\u011fru trafi\u011fin tehlikeli hal ald\u0131\u011f\u0131; h\u0131z, dikkatsizlik ve kural ihl\u00e2llerinin, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da kazalar\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (5); Suudi Arabistan<\/strong>\u2019da Cidde Trafik M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc de, Ramazan\u2019da yollarda \u00f6zellikle iftar \u00f6ncesi saatlerde kaos ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, trafik kazalar\u0131n\u0131n %20 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (6) s\u00f6ylemekteler.<\/p>\n

2. Tayland<\/strong> sivil havac\u0131l\u0131k otoritesi, oru\u00e7 tutan pilotlar\u0131n u\u00e7mamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kan \u015fekeri d\u00fc\u015fmesinin pilotaj becerilerini olumsuz etkiledi\u011fini duyurmu\u015ftur (7).<\/p>\n

3. Fas<\/strong>\u2019da (1970\u2019lerdeki bir dini fetvaya dayanarak) orucun pilot performans\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz bi\u00e7imde etkiledi\u011fi ve \u201cpilotlar\u0131n oru\u00e7 tutmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi\u201d bizzat Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakan\u0131 Karim Ghellab taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (8).<\/p>\n

4.<\/strong> Yemen<\/strong>\u2019de 2007 y\u0131l\u0131 ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131nda trafik kazalar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu; Sana \u015fehrinde bir haftada 97 kazada 7 \u00f6l\u00fc ve 66 yaral\u0131 kaydedildi\u011fi Trafik Ofisi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (9).<\/p>\n

5.<\/strong> \u0130slami kaynaklar<\/strong> da pilot ve di\u011fer havayolu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev g\u00fcnlerinde oru\u00e7 tutmamalar\u0131; havayoluyla seyahat eden yolcular\u0131n bile \u015fehir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131nda oru\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bozabilecekleri fetvas\u0131 vermektedir (10).<\/p>\n

6.<\/strong> D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130slam \u00fclkesi olup, 240 milyonluk n\u00fcfusunun %85’i M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan Endonezya<\/strong>\u2019da Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k Direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tamimle orucun sa\u011fl\u0131k, performans ve kazalara etkileri konusunda bir dizi uyar\u0131 ve tavsiyelerde bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu yaz\u0131da, genel bilimsel do\u011frular olarak orucun; uyan\u0131kl\u0131k azalmas\u0131, yorgunluk art\u0131\u015f\u0131, huzursuzluk, miza\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fimi, bellek sorunlar\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7ta i\u015f performans\u0131nda azalma yapabilece\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orucun metabolizmaya olumlu etkileri ba\u011flam\u0131nda, HDL kolesterol\u00fc artt\u0131r\u0131p LDL’yi azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc etkisi oldu\u011fu, baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde oru\u00e7lu olman\u0131n performans\u0131 azaltmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tersine inan\u00e7 ve itikad\u0131n performans art\u0131\u015f\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Keza 2009-2012 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda meydana gelen u\u00e7u\u015f olay\u0131 ve kazalar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7birinde oru\u00e7 ilintisi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da olumlu bir bulgu olarak zikredilmi\u015ftir (11).<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer taraftan Endonezya Dini Ulema Konseyi, Bakara suresinin 184. ve 185. ayetlerine at\u0131fta bulunarak; \u0130slam dininde hastal\u0131k ve seyahat gibi durumlar i\u00e7in orucun kaza edilmesine izin verildi\u011fi; pilotlar\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015f g\u00f6revi oldu\u011fu zamanlarda oru\u00e7 tutmayabilecekleri (erteleyebilecekleri) kanaati duyurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Endonezya Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k Genel Direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’n\u00fcn (DGCA) 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 Emniyet Genelgesinde;<\/p>\n

– Orucun insan performans\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi\u011fi,<\/p>\n

– Bu konuda end\u00fcstride fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u011fitim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n

– Bunun sadece u\u00e7u\u015f ekiplerini de\u011fil, emniyetle ilgili di\u011fer personeli de ilgilendirdi\u011fi,<\/p>\n

– Emniyetle ilgili olumsuz bir durum zuhur etti\u011finde orucun bozulabilece\u011fi… yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Skytrex \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc b\u00f6lgesel havayolu \u015firketi Garuda Indonesia da ayn\u0131 prensipleri i\u00e7eren bir genelge yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (11). Fas Havayollar\u0131 da ge\u00e7en sene bir tamim yay\u0131nlayarak; Ramazan ay\u0131nda sadece “sabah erken saatlerde, var\u0131\u015f s\u00fcresi k\u0131sa olan baz\u0131 k\u0131sa mesafeli g\u00f6revlerin tolere edilebilece\u011fini ve sorumlulu\u011fun kaptanlarda oldu\u011funu” duyurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Endonezya ve Fas’\u0131n tamimlerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, insan \u201cHani T\u00fcrkiye\u2019mizde SHGM, DHM\u0130, THY, THK, Pegasus ve di\u011ferlerinden gelen b\u00f6yle bir mesaj?” diye sormaktan kendini alam\u0131yor\u2026 Onlardan gelmeyen mesaj\u0131 biz verelim: \u0130nsan\u0131n \u00f6nce kendisinin doktoru olmas\u0131 ilkesindeki gibi, u\u00e7u\u015f emniyeti konular\u0131nda d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bir talimat beklemeden, ki\u015filer kendi inisiyatifleriyle g\u00f6rev g\u00fcnlerinde oru\u00e7 tutmamal\u0131d\u0131rlar. U\u00e7u\u015fu kazaya g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektense, orucu kazaya b\u0131rakmak en do\u011fru yoldur.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/span><\/strong>:<\/p>\n

1.<\/strong> Tolon M, Chernoff H. The effect of fasting during Ramadan on automobile accidents in Turkey. (http:\/\/micro5.mscc.huji.ac.il\/~statconf\/abstracts\/chernoff.pdf)<\/p>\n

2<\/strong>. Advers effects of Islamic fasting. (http:\/\/wikiislam.net\/wiki\/Adverse_Effects_of_Islamic_Fasting)<\/p>\n

3.<\/strong> Leiper JB, Molla AM, Molla AM. Effects on health of fluid restriction during fasting in Ramadan. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2003) 57, Suppl 2, S30\u2013S38.<\/p>\n

4<\/strong>.Bigard AX, Boussif M, Chalabi H, Guezennec CY. Alterations in muscular performance and orthostatic tolerance during Ramadan. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998; 69: 341-6<\/p>\n

5. <\/strong>Police warn against accidents during Ramadan rush hour. (http:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/news\/uae-news\/police-warn-against-accidents-during-ramadan-rush-hour)<\/p>\n

6.<\/strong> Saleh Fareed. Road accidents up 20 percent in Ramadan. Arab News JEDDAH, 2 Nov 2004 (http:\/\/arabnews.com\/?page=1&section=0&article=101983&d=3&m=10&y=2007)<\/p>\n

7.<\/strong> Go Pilot Fasting Ramadan Cause of Crash? (http:\/\/blog.nationmultimedia.com\/print.php?id=5770)<\/p>\n

8.<\/strong> The View fm Fez: Moroccon News # 29 (Dec 20, 2006). (http:\/\/riadzany.blogspot.com\/2006\/12\/moroccan-news-briefs-29.html)<\/p>\n

9.<\/strong> Yemen Observer (Sep 25, 2007) Traffic accidents on the rise in Ramadan. (http:\/\/www.yobserver.com\/front-page\/10012991.html)<\/p>\n

10.<\/strong> Islam QA (Question&Answer) Al Siyaam; 70 matters related to fasting. Edit\u00f6r: Muhammed b. Salih el M\u00fcneccid. (http:\/\/islamqa.info\/tr\/ref\/books\/8)<\/p>\n

11.<\/strong> Cultural perspectives on flight operations and the impact of Ramadan fasting on crew performance. (2012) Indonesian Directorate General of Civil Aviation.\u00a0 (http:\/\/www.pacdeff.com\/pdfs\/Cultural%20Perspectives%20on%20Flight%20Operations%20and%20 the%20impact%20of%20Ramadan%20Fasting.pdf)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kritik i\u015fler yapan insanlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 Ramazan ay\u0131 boyunca oru\u00e7 tutmakla tutmamak aras\u0131nda teredd\u00fctte kal\u0131r; bir tarafta orucun neden oldu\u011fu sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 ve performans azalmas\u0131, di\u011fer tarafta bir dini vecibeyi yerine getirmemenin su\u00e7luluk duygusu… Baz\u0131 dini otoriteler bu konuda net olarak negatif kanaat bildirirken; \u00e7o\u011funun sessiz kalmas\u0131 ve z\u0131mnen, \u201cbiraz kendini zorlayarak\u201d oru\u00e7 tutmay\u0131 desteklemesi, bocalaman\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki nedenlerden birisi olsa gerektir… […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arsiv"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1266"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1266\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3955,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1266\/revisions\/3955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}