Askeri ve yolcu u\u00e7aklar\u0131 ile uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda kabin havas\u0131n\u0131n kalitesini bozan, u\u00e7u\u015f ekibi ve yolcular\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden ba\u015fl\u0131ca unsurlar \u015funlard\u0131r:\u00a0Karbondioksit, karbonmonoksit, siyanid, ozon, kargodan yay\u0131lan zehirli-yan\u0131c\u0131-korozif-radyoaktif maddeler; yanan kokpit ve kabin materyalinden yay\u0131lan toksik gazlar (Ciyanide), elektrik sistemi ar\u0131zas\u0131 sonucu \u0131s\u0131nan materyalin yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 duman,<\/em>\u00a0kabin havas\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fan egzos, mutfak veya tuvaletlerden gelen naho\u015f kokular, gizlice i\u00e7ilen sigara duman\u0131ndaki nikotin, yer ve koltuk d\u00f6\u015femesinden kalkan kimyasal veya alerjik tozlar, hasta ki\u015filerden yay\u0131lan vir\u00fcs ve bakteriler, kabine giren b\u00f6cekler, sinekler, vs\u2026\u00a0<\/em>Kabin havas\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa zararl\u0131 unsurlar bulunmasa bile, nem oran\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rece az (y\u00fczde 5-21) olmas\u0131 da duyarl\u0131 ki\u015fileri rahats\u0131z edebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n Ger\u00e7ekten de baz\u0131 hasta yolcular taraf\u0131ndan u\u00e7aklara ta\u015f\u0131nan vir\u00fcs ve bakteriler gizli sa\u011fl\u0131k tehdidi olabilir. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki SARs epidemisi, havayolu seyahatlerde viral hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yay\u0131labilece\u011fiyle ilgili ciddi bir uyar\u0131yd\u0131. Grip, t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz, k\u0131zam\u0131k, H5N1 (domuz gribi), Ebola, HIV ve hepatit gibi bakteri ve vir\u00fcsler hasta yolcular\u0131n nefeslerinden kabine yay\u0131labilir veya ayn\u0131 e\u015fyalar\u0131 kullananlara bula\u015fabilir. Kabin havas\u0131ndaki bakteri ve vir\u00fcslerin Hepa filtreleri taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fczme etkinli\u011fi y\u00fczde 99\u2019dur. Apollo uzay arac\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok dar (6 m3 hacimde 3 ki\u015fi) kaps\u00fcllerde bile bu s\u00fczme i\u015flemi sayesinde bir hastal\u0131k ge\u00e7i\u015fi olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcphesiz uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda \u00e7ok sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filerin bir arada bulunuyor olmalar\u0131, yolcu u\u00e7aklar\u0131ndaki insanlar\u0131n maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 risk ba\u011flam\u0131nda e\u015fit bir \u00f6rnekleme say\u0131lmaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc u\u00e7ak yolcular\u0131, her u\u00e7u\u015fta de\u011fi\u015fen heterojen insanlard\u0131r ve bazen kendilerinin bile bilmedikleri hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor olabilirler.<\/p>\n Solunum yolu enfeksiyonu olan bir insan her aks\u0131r\u0131k ve \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fckte etrafa (y\u00fczde 96\u2019s\u0131 2 mikrondan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan) 100 bin partik\u00fcl sa\u00e7ar. Bu \u2018damlac\u0131k enfeksiyonu\u2019 riski, kaliteli hava filtreleme sistemi kullanmak, u\u00e7aklar\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k kimyasal dezenfektanlarla temizlemek ve a\u011f\u0131r hastalar\u0131 kabine almamakla azalt\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu u\u00e7u\u015f ekiplerine raporlanm\u0131\u015f olan, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, aks\u0131r\u0131k ve nefes yoluyla kabin havas\u0131na mikrop sa\u00e7ma ve k\u00f6t\u00fc koku yayma (gangrenli yaralar) durumundaki hastalar\u0131n yolcu u\u00e7aklar\u0131na al\u0131nmamas\u0131, bunlar\u0131n ambulans u\u00e7aklarla seyahat ettirilmesi en do\u011frusudur. Ama genelde ticari havayolu \u015firketleri bu konuda \u00e7ok titiz davranmama, hasta yolcular da ambulans u\u00e7aklara b\u00fcy\u00fck paralar \u00f6demek istememe e\u011filimindedir. Bilet paras\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demi\u015f bu t\u00fcr yolcular (salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k zamanlar\u0131 hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere) ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyorlarsa ve ate\u015fli de\u011fillerse u\u00e7a\u011fa al\u0131n\u0131rlar. (Bu a\u015famada \u015firket, DHM\u0130 ve Hudut-Sahiller Gn.Md. doktorlar\u0131 sorumludur.) Bu hastalar hi\u00e7 olmazsa en arka s\u0131rada, \u00f6n ve yan koltuklar\u0131 bo\u015f tutulacak \u015fekilde izole edilerek oturtulmal\u0131, mutlaka maske takmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Bu hastalara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n, sa\u011fl\u0131k personelinin ve kabin ekiplerinin de maske ve eldiven kullanmalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n Yolcular\u0131n ba\u015f \u00fczeri panelde yer alan hava \u00fcf\u00fcrme problar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczlerine do\u011fru y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 da, hastal\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filerden gelen enfekte havay\u0131 engelleyici\/uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u2018hava perdesi\u2019 i\u015flevi g\u00f6rebilir. (Sa\u00e7s\u0131z ki\u015filere g\u00f6re bol sa\u00e7l\u0131 insanlar\u0131n bile arkadan \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck-aks\u0131r\u0131k-nefes r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131yla gelen mikrobik ajanlara kar\u015f\u0131 daha korunakl\u0131 olabilecekleri tahmin edilebilir.)<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a03. Sinek-b\u00f6cek ve di\u011fer ha\u015faratla ge\u00e7en hastal\u0131klar:\u00a0<\/strong>Kabin i\u00e7ine bir \u015fekilde giren ha\u015farat bazen sadece ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 ve alerji gibi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klara, bazen de hastal\u0131k bula\u015ft\u0131rmaya yol a\u00e7abilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin sivrisinekler s\u0131tma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en bilinen ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. U\u00e7u\u015f ekipleri i\u00e7in kabin havas\u0131ndaki toksik, mikrobik ve alerjik partik\u00fcller daha ciddi bir sorundur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc pilotlar ve kabin memurlar\u0131 u\u00e7aklar\u0131n demirba\u015flar\u0131 gibidir. Y\u0131lda 800-1000 saat kabin ve kokpit havas\u0131n\u0131 teneff\u00fcs eden, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya ve Afrika gibi bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek \u00fclkelerde, havaalan\u0131, otel, restoran gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli ortamlarda mikrobik tehditlere maruz kalan bu ki\u015filerin riski fazlad\u0131r. Bu nedenle u\u00e7u\u015f ekiplerinin s\u0131tma gibi hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu ila\u00e7lar almalar\u0131; tbc, tifo, kolera gibi hastal\u0131klara \u00f6nlem olarak da a\u015f\u0131 olmalar\u0131 \u00f6nerilmektedir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bu \u00fclkelere olan seyahatlerinde hastalan\u0131p ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiren yolcu ve u\u00e7u\u015f ekiplerimiz olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Kaynaklar:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n 1.<\/strong>\u00a0Dinelli DL. Update on protection against infectious disease transmission during airline travel. 78th Annual AsMA Scientific Meeting (2007) Abs.# 292<\/p>\n 2.<\/strong>\u00a0Green AD. International travel and disease: epidemiology, regulation and prevention. In: Aviation Medicine. Eds: Ernsting J, Nicholson AN, Davis JR. 3rd Edit. Butterworth Heinemann, 1999 p. 392<\/p>\n 3.<\/strong>\u00a0Jordan JL. Air carrier cabin air concerns. The Federal Air Surgeon\u2019s Medical Bulletin. 2005-4:7<\/p>\n 4.<\/strong>\u00a0Orford R, Rosenberg E. Health maintenance and promotion. In: Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine. Eds: DeHart RL, Davis JR. 3rd Edit, Lippincott Williams&Wilkins\u00a0 Philadelphia 2002. p. 292-94<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yazar : Prof. Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7 Yay\u0131nlanma tarihi : 30 Ocak 2017 https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/yazar\/UCAKLARDA-KABIN-HAVASI\/1167\/ Askeri ve yolcu u\u00e7aklar\u0131 ile uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda kabin havas\u0131n\u0131n kalitesini bozan, u\u00e7u\u015f ekibi ve yolcular\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden ba\u015fl\u0131ca unsurlar \u015funlard\u0131r:\u00a0Karbondioksit, karbonmonoksit, siyanid, ozon, kargodan yay\u0131lan zehirli-yan\u0131c\u0131-korozif-radyoaktif maddeler; yanan kokpit ve kabin materyalinden yay\u0131lan toksik gazlar (Ciyanide), elektrik sistemi ar\u0131zas\u0131 sonucu \u0131s\u0131nan materyalin yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 duman,\u00a0kabin havas\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3710","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulten"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3710","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3710"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3711,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3710\/revisions\/3711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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