https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/yazar\/SOVALYELIK-BITTI-MI\/1196\/<\/a><\/p>\n\u015e\u00f6valyelik, y\u00fcce idealler u\u011fruna \u00f6zverili, erdemli ve kahramanca m\u00fccadele eden insanlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan bir kavramd\u0131r. Ki\u015fisel h\u0131rslar\u0131n\u0131 bir tarafa b\u0131rak\u0131p \u015feref, namus, vatan, ma\u011fdur insanlar\u0131 kurtarmak gibi idealist g\u00fcd\u00fclerle canlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan bu insanlar destans\u0131 hik\u00e2yelere konu olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Orta\u00e7a\u011f romantizmi, k\u00f6t\u00fclere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan sil\u00e2h\u015f\u00f6rleri y\u00fcceltmi\u015f; kilise ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc efendiler de bunlar\u0131 himaye ederek kullanm\u0131\u015f ve onurland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eski \u0130stanbul\u2019da ve Anadolu\u2019nun baz\u0131 kentlerinde sosyologlarca\u00a0\u2018mahalle \u015f\u00f6valyesi\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0adland\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131lan\u00a0\u2018kabaday\u0131lar\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0vard\u0131. Bunlar, k\u00fclhanbeyleri gibi hara\u00e7, zorbal\u0131k gibi pis i\u015flerin adamlar\u0131 de\u011fildiler. Kabaday\u0131lar, bir \u00e7e\u015fit milis g\u00fcvenlik elemanlar\u0131 gibi riske girerek mahallenin namusunun ve huzurunun bek\u00e7isi i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerdi. (Kaynak: Refi Cevat Ulunay\u2019\u0131n \u2018Say\u0131l\u0131 F\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u2019 roman\u0131.)<\/span><\/p>\nHavac\u0131l\u0131kta \u015f\u00f6valyelik:<\/strong>\u00a0Pilotluk eskiden tam bir \u015f\u00f6valye mesle\u011fiydi. Sava\u015f u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 pilotlar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filik ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile orta\u00e7a\u011f romantizminin \u015f\u00f6valyelik efsanelerindekiler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck benzerlik vard\u0131r ve bug\u00fcn\u00fcn askeri havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da bu gelene\u011fin k\u0131smen ya\u015famakta oldu\u011fu fark edilebilir. 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda u\u00e7u\u015f psikologlar\u0131 pilot adaylar\u0131nda, bir u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 kullanacak \u015fof\u00f6rler de\u011fil, 20\u2019nci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n kanatl\u0131 atlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0(Pegasus)<\/em>\u00a0u\u00e7uracak\u00a0\u2018s\u00fcvariler\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0ar\u0131yordu. D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n tepesine kadar bir fedai gibi inen, cesaret ve maharetleriyle d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n k\u00e2busu olan bu pilotlara \u015f\u00f6valye veya serdenge\u00e7ti gibi itibar g\u00f6steriliyordu.\u00a0\u2018Mart\u0131\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 felsefeci,\u00a0Pilot Richard Bach,<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cU\u00e7u\u015fta kendimi at\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131nda, t\u00fcylerini u\u00e7ura u\u00e7ura giden bir \u015f\u00f6valyeye benzetiyorum… \u0130hti\u015faml\u0131 bir \u015feyin par\u00e7as\u0131 olmay\u0131 istiyorum…\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0der.<\/p>\nToplumlar pilotlara kahraman\u00a0(hero)<\/em>\u00a0kimli\u011fi verir, pilotlar da bunu memnuniyetle kabul ederler. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te bir yandan u\u00e7u\u015f keyfinden, bir yandan da kahramanl\u0131k prestijinden beslenirler. Tarih boyunca rahipler, iyi avc\u0131lar, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve \u015f\u00f6valyeler y\u00fcksek stat\u00fc sahibi olarak itibar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Stat\u00fc sahibi olamamak ise bireyi toplum g\u00f6z\u00fcnde hi\u00e7le\u015ftirir. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda pilotluk iyi bir stat\u00fcd\u00fcr. Pilotun kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u00e7ak da sadece bir u\u00e7u\u015f arac\u0131 de\u011fil, (bir makineden \u00f6te, \u015f\u00f6valyenin k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 gibi) sembolik anlamlar y\u00fcklenmi\u015f bir nesnedir. Ger\u00e7ek durum her olguda tam b\u00f6yle de\u011filse de, (toplumlar\u0131n kahramanlara ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131ndan, ya da \u00fclke savunmas\u0131na canlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyacak ki\u015filerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n insanlar\u0131 rahatlatmas\u0131ndan olsa gerek,) bug\u00fcn de \u00f6zellikle sava\u015f pilotlar\u0131 y\u00fcceltilip idealize edilmektedir. \u00d6l\u00fcm korkusunu yenmi\u015f Japon sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 (Samurai) gelene\u011finin devam\u0131 olan kamikaze pilotlar\u0131 da hava \u015f\u00f6valyeleri idi…<\/p>\n\u2018Tayyarecilik\u2019 ve \u015f\u00f6valyelik zamanlar\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Baz\u0131 futbolcular\u0131n kendilerini tan\u0131mlarken \u2018top\u00e7u\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc daha uygun ve anlaml\u0131 bulmalar\u0131 gibi, baz\u0131 askeri pilotlar da havac\u0131l\u0131k ruhunun eskilerde daha derin ve heyecanl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ima edercesine kendilerine\u00a0\u2018tayyareci\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0demeyi tercih ederler. T\u00fcrk havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcthi\u015f giri\u015fimcilerinden\u00a0Nuri Demira\u011f,<\/strong>\u00a0b\u00fcrokrasi taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli engellenen \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve kapanan u\u00e7ak fabrikas\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00f6nemin cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta;\u00a0\u201csipahili\u011fin, s\u00fcvarili\u011fin, serdenge\u00e7tili\u011fin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fekli tayyareciliktir\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0diyordu… Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fck, pilotluk i\u015fini y\u00fcre\u011fini ortaya koyarak, cesurca ve a\u015fkla yapma duygular\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eriyor gibidir. Arap\u00e7a ku\u015f anlam\u0131ndaki\u00a0\u2018tayyar\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden t\u00fcreyen tayyare, 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir emirle yasaklanarak yerine\u00a0\u2018u\u00e7ak\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirildi. Ama pilotlar buna uzun s\u00fcre direndi ve sadece resmi yaz\u0131\u015fmalarda kulland\u0131; daha gizemli gelen \u2018tayyare\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcnl\u00fck konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda kullanmaya devam ettiler.<\/p>\n\u015e\u00f6valyelik devri kapand\u0131 m\u0131?<\/strong>\u00a0Pilot Tu\u011fgeneral Avni Kandemir 1950\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n askeri havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan nakletti\u011fi an\u0131lar\u0131na\u00a0\u2018\u015e\u00f6valyelik Devri\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koymakla, kendisinin ve o g\u00fcnlerdeki arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n motivasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmakta idi. \u015e\u00f6yle diyor:\u00a0\u201cGenelde Tayyareci denince akla, levye-direksiyonla oynamas\u0131n\u0131 bilen insan gelir… Oysa onlar kendisini u\u00e7u\u015fa adam\u0131\u015f, mesle\u011fiyle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f ve s\u0131radan olmayan insanlard\u0131r… B\u00fct\u00fcn olumsuzluklara ra\u011fmen u\u00e7uyorlar, kimileri \u00f6l\u00fcyor, kalanlar gene u\u00e7uyor, haz ve onur duyuyor… Onun i\u00e7indir ki o devrin tayyarecilerine \u015f\u00f6valye demi\u015flerdir… Korkuyu tan\u0131mayan insanlard\u0131r; uzun vadeli pl\u00e2nlar yapmaz; sevecen, arkada\u015f canl\u0131s\u0131, rind, diren\u00e7li, inat\u00e7\u0131, yemeyi-i\u00e7meyi-e\u011flenmeyi seven, i\u00e7kinin tutsa\u011f\u0131 olmayan; u\u00e7tuk\u00e7a ya\u015fayan, ya\u015fad\u0131k\u00e7a u\u00e7mak isteyen ki\u015fidir tayyareci… K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015flerle u\u011fra\u015fmazlard\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcler… Ama art\u0131k \u015f\u00f6valyelik devri kapand\u0131…\u201d<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k \u2018top\u00e7u\u2019 ve \u2018tayyareci\u2019 yerine (pek derinli\u011fi olmayan) futbolcu ve pilot s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerini kullan\u0131yor olmam\u0131z bunun g\u00f6stergesi midir?<\/p>\n\u015e\u00f6valyelik bitmez.<\/strong>\u00a0Cesaret ve kahramanl\u0131k gibi hasletler baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n naturas\u0131nda \u00e7ekinik, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda bask\u0131n bi\u00e7imde vard\u0131r. \u0130nsan psikolojisinin b\u00f6yle erdemlere ihtiyac\u0131 bitmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece \u015f\u00f6valyeli\u011fin de hi\u00e7 kaybolmayaca\u011f\u0131 ve beklenmedik zamanlarda kendini g\u00f6sterece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Vuruldu\u011fu, motorlar\u0131 durdu\u011fu, yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ini\u015f tak\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in para\u015f\u00fctle atlamas\u0131 gerekirken, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak veya mesk\u00fbn alanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kendi can\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye atan erdemli pilotlar tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z birer \u015f\u00f6valyedir… Sunay Ak\u0131n\u2019\u0131n\u00a0\u2018Ay H\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0isimli kitab\u0131n\u0131 ithaf etti\u011fi Pilot \u00dcste\u011fmen G\u00fcrol Kutlu, 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara M\u00fcrted (Ak\u0131nc\u0131) \u00dcss\u00fcnden havalanan F-102 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kokpitinde \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nda, u\u00e7ak Aya\u015f k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fmesin diye atlamaktan imtina edip u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yerle\u015fim yerlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirmi\u015fti. \u00c7ak\u0131lmak \u00fczereyken ge\u00e7 atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve para\u015f\u00fct\u00fc tam a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bel kemi\u011fi k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve v\u00fccudunda yan\u0131klar olu\u015fmu\u015f, uzun s\u00fcre komada kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131… Bu kahraman pilotun dedesi \u0130rfan Bey, yeni do\u011fan o\u011flunun ad\u0131n\u0131\u00a0Mustafa Kemal<\/strong>\u00a0koymak istemi\u015fti. N\u00fcfus m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc bunun i\u00e7in Atat\u00fcrk\u2019ten izin almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyince Ankara\u2019n\u0131n yolunu tutmu\u015f; Atat\u00fcrk de o\u011flunun subay olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla buna izin vermi\u015fti. Sonradan hem subay hem de pilot olan ve 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arifiye\u2019de ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi u\u00e7u\u015f kazas\u0131na \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fen Mustafa Kemal Kutlu, \u015f\u00f6valye Pilot \u00dcste\u011fmen G\u00fcrol Kutlu\u2019nun babas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\nT\u00fcrk \u015f\u00f6valye pilotlar:<\/strong>\u00a0Sinop Amerikan radar\u0131nda askerlik yapt\u0131ktan sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yerle\u015fip evlenen kripto uzman\u0131 Stuart Kline\u2019\u0131n\u00a0\u2018T\u00fcrk Havac\u0131l\u0131k Kronolojisi\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndaki\u00a0\u2018efsane\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0T\u00fcrk havac\u0131lar\u0131 listesinde;\u00a0Vecihi H\u00fcrku\u015f, Enver Ako\u011flu, Tar\u0131k G\u00f6keri, (Deli) Tahir Maner, Sabiha G\u00f6k\u00e7en ve Talip Demirkol<\/strong>\u00a0yer almaktad\u0131r… Kanaatimizce Hava Kuvvetlerimizde g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fka efsaneler de vard\u0131r. Bizim bilmedi\u011fimiz ve an\u0131msayamad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131za haks\u0131zl\u0131k olsa da;\u00a0Zeki Do\u011fan, Erol Ak\u0131nc\u0131, L\u00fctf\u00fc Akdemir, L\u00fctf\u00fc G\u00fcndo\u011fan, G\u00fcrol Kutlu, \u015eener Koltuk\u00a0<\/strong>gibi isimleri tarihe not d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek ve kadir\u015finasl\u0131k ad\u0131na zikretmeliyiz\u2026<\/p>\nZeki Do\u011fan, B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz\u2019<\/strong>da s\u00fcvari y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 olarak sava\u015f\u0131rken bir \u015farapnelle par\u00e7alanan karn\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen sava\u015fmaya devam etmi\u015fti. Sonradan orgeneral r\u00fctbesine kadar y\u00fckseldi ve ilk Hava Kuvvetleri Komutan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\nKorgeneral Enver Ako\u011flu,<\/strong>\u00a01920 y\u0131l\u0131nda askeri lise \u00f6\u011frencisiyken \u0130ngilizlerin \u0130stanbul\u2019u i\u015fgal etmeleri \u00fczerine Anadolu’ya ka\u00e7arak Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda piyade aste\u011fmen olarak sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130stikl\u00e2l Madalyas\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa\u2019ya tayyarecilik e\u011fitimine g\u00f6nderildi\u011finde, daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi ve e\u011fitimini almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p u\u00e7urmas\u0131 Frans\u0131zlar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Pilotluk ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle bir\u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkeden ni\u015fanlar ald\u0131. Bal\u0131kesir\u2019de \u00fcs komutan\u0131 iken, NATO denetlemesine gelen Amerikal\u0131 subaylar\u0131n k\u00fcstah tutum ve konu\u015fmalar\u0131na k\u0131z\u0131p \u00f6nlerindeki masay\u0131 devirdi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130ri yap\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in l\u00e2kab\u0131 \u2018Ay\u0131\u2019 olan Ako\u011flu, sert ama babacan bir komutand\u0131. Farkl\u0131 askeri u\u00e7aklarda 4.500 saatten fazla u\u00e7u\u015f yapt\u0131. 1957 y\u0131l\u0131nda emekli olduktan sonra THY Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc oldu…<\/p>\nTu\u011fgeneral Tar\u0131k G\u00f6keri,<\/strong>\u00a01970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Ankara M\u00fcrted\u2019de (Ak\u0131nc\u0131) 4. Ana Jet \u00dcs Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde bir efsane idi. L\u00e2kab\u0131, s\u00fcper insan g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip ve ses h\u0131z\u0131nda u\u00e7abilen \u00e7izgi roman kahraman\u0131\u00a0\u2018Kaptan Marvel\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0idi. Komutanl\u0131k makam\u0131nda kurt k\u00f6pe\u011fi ile otururdu\u2026<\/p>\n\u015eener Koltuk:<\/strong>\u00a0Hava Kuvvetlerinde g\u00f6rev yaparken K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ni\u015f tak\u0131m\u0131 ar\u0131zas\u0131 olan bir F-104 u\u00e7u\u015funda komutan\u0131n telsizle atlamas\u0131 emrine kar\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6vde \u00fczeri indi. Tamir s\u00fcreci tamamlanan bu u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n test u\u00e7u\u015funu bizzat yapt\u0131. Binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiyle emekli oldu ve TA\u0130\u2019de F-16 test pilotlu\u011funa ba\u015flad\u0131. 521 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ilk u\u00e7u\u015f testlerini s\u0131f\u0131r pilotaj hatas\u0131yla tamamlayarak bir d\u00fcnya rekoru k\u0131rd\u0131\u2026<\/p>\nBug\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnyadan \u015f\u00f6valyelik izleri:<\/strong>\u00a0Rus Hava Kuvvetlerinin SU-27 tipi u\u00e7aklarla olu\u015fturdu\u011fu aerobatik timin ad\u0131\u00a0\u2018Russian Knights\u2019<\/strong>, Singapur Hava Kuvvetlerininki\u00a0\u2018Black Knights\u2019<\/strong>, Kanada\u2019n\u0131nki ise\u00a0\u2018Red Knights\u2019<\/strong>d\u0131r. (knight<\/em>: \u015f\u00f6valye). Star Wars filmlerinde i\u015flenen uzay sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcr fenomeni haline gelmi\u015f \u015f\u00f6valyeleri ise Jedi Knights\u2019d\u0131r. Amerikan Ordusunun West Point Askeri Akademisi\u2019nin l\u00e2kab\u0131 ve maskotu da \u2018Kara \u015e\u00f6valye\u2019dir\u00a0(Black Knight).<\/em>\u00a0Sivil d\u00fcnyan\u0131n da kahramanlara ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011finden hareketle, eskiden sadece sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 s\u00fcvarilere verilen \u015f\u00f6valye unvan ve ni\u015fanlar\u0131 art\u0131k Fransa, \u0130ngiltere ve Hollanda gibi \u00fclkelerde \u00fcst\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131 ve kahramanl\u0131klar g\u00f6steren sivillere (kutup k\u00e2\u015fiflerine, politikac\u0131lara, bilim adamlar\u0131na, sanat\u00e7\u0131lara, vs.) de verilmektedir.<\/p>\nSivil \u015e\u00f6valyeler\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\u015e\u00f6valyelik sadece sil\u00e2h\u015f\u00f6rlerin ya da kahraman pilotlar\u0131n s\u0131fat\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ki\u015fisel h\u0131rslar\u0131n\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131p bilim, sanat, siyaset ve insani de\u011ferler i\u00e7in \u00f6zverili m\u00fccadelelere giren, toplumsal yararlar u\u011frunda risk alan ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan insanlar\u0131 da tan\u0131mlar\u2026<\/p>\n
Bir demet sivil \u015f\u00f6valye: Jeanne d’Arc, Florence Nightingale, Dr. Albert Schweitzer, Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Chesly B. Sullenberger\u2026 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den: Gazi M. Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Hasan Tahsin \u0130lkkur\u015fun, Halide Edip Ad\u0131var, Hasan Ali Y\u00fccel, Nuri Demira\u011f, Vecihi H\u00fcrku\u015f, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7 (K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri), Muhsin Ertu\u011frul, Afife Jale (tiyatro), Re\u015fat Nuri G\u00fcntekin\u2019in \u00c7al\u0131ku\u015fu- Feride karakteri (k\u00f6y \u00f6\u011fretmeni), U\u011fur Mumcu (gazeteci), Gaffar Okkan (polis), Recep Yaz\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu (vali), Dr. \u00dcst\u00fcn Ezer (L\u00f6sev), T\u00fcrkan Saylan (\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Ya\u015fam\u0131 Destekleme Derne\u011fi), Hayrettin Karaca (Tema), vs\u2026<\/p>\n
Kaynak: Havac\u0131l\u0131k ve Uzay Psikolojisi. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7. Nobel Akademik Yay\u0131n, 2016 Ankara. Sayfa 43-47.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yazar : Prof. Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7 Yay\u0131nlanma tarihi : 2 May\u0131s 2017 https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/yazar\/SOVALYELIK-BITTI-MI\/1196\/ \u015e\u00f6valyelik, y\u00fcce idealler u\u011fruna \u00f6zverili, erdemli ve kahramanca m\u00fccadele eden insanlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan bir kavramd\u0131r. Ki\u015fisel h\u0131rslar\u0131n\u0131 bir tarafa b\u0131rak\u0131p \u015feref, namus, vatan, ma\u011fdur insanlar\u0131 kurtarmak gibi idealist g\u00fcd\u00fclerle canlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan bu insanlar destans\u0131 hik\u00e2yelere konu olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Orta\u00e7a\u011f romantizmi, k\u00f6t\u00fclere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan sil\u00e2h\u015f\u00f6rleri y\u00fcceltmi\u015f; kilise ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulten"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3722"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3722\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3723,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3722\/revisions\/3723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}