Havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 ve u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru kavram\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcleri Almanlar ve Amerikal\u0131lard\u0131r. \u0130lk u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanya\u2019da g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130lk u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru okulu 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Sadece 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru say\u0131s\u0131 4.412\u2019dir. Amerikan Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131\u00a0Birli\u011fi (Aeromedical Association)<\/em>\u00a0ise 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu. T\u00fcrk Hava Kuvvetlerinin kurulu\u015fu bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka \u00fclkeden daha \u00f6nce 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi, ama u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131m\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fcttefikimiz Almanlar\u0131n g\u00f6nderdikleri u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131 (Dr. Kauer, Dr. Gerloff) T\u00fcrk pilotlar\u0131na da destek oldu.<\/span><\/p>\n Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015fu sonras\u0131nda pilot adaylar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imi ve y\u0131ll\u0131k pilotaj muayeneleri Eski\u015fehir\u2019de Hava S\u0131hhi Muayene Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmakta idi; o tarihlerde havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f hekimler hen\u00fcz yoktu. 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk kez KBB uzman\u0131 Dr.Yzb. Yusuf Ziya Balkan, Fransa ve \u0130talya\u2019ya kursa g\u00f6nderildi. 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda yurda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra u\u00e7u\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken vakalarda, KBB d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki dallarda da \u201cfenni m\u00fctal\u00e2a\u201d vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda pilot se\u00e7imi ve yeti\u015fmi\u015f pilotlar\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k sa\u011fl\u0131k kontrol\u00fc ile ilgili ilk nizamname \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 uzman hekim Fransa\u2019ya Val de Grace Okuluna kursa g\u00f6nderildiler. 1935\u2019de yurda d\u00f6nd\u00fckten itibaren \u2018havac\u0131l\u0131k m\u00fctehass\u0131s\u0131\u2019 olarak Eski\u015fehir’deki Hava S\u0131hhi Muayene Komisyonunda askeri pilotlar\u0131n muayenelerini yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu ekip o zamanki S\u0131hhi Beden Kabiliyeti Talimatnamesini de haz\u0131rlad\u0131. 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda pilotlar\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131m sorunlar\u0131 nedeniyle muayeneye gelememeleri dikkate al\u0131narak, bu komisyon hava \u00fcslerine gider, gezginci ekip olarak muayeneleri yerinde yapard\u0131. Ankara\u2019ya geldiklerinde ise Devlet Havayollar\u0131 pilotlar\u0131n\u0131 da muayene ederlerdi. 1946 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren askeri doktorlar ABD. San Antonio\u2019daki Randolph Field Havac\u0131l\u0131k Okuluna kursa g\u00f6nderildiler.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de havac\u0131lar\u0131n muayenelerine ve havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik i\u015flev y\u00fcklenmi\u015f ilk kurum Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesi\u2019dir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc binas\u0131 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda hizmete giren Hastane u\u00e7ak \u015feklindedir; kanatlara klinikler, kuyruk b\u00f6lgesine idari b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve ba\u015fhekimlik yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Hastanenin bu mimari \u00f6zelli\u011fi havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131na hizmet motivasyonuyla ilgili olsa gerektir.<\/p>\n 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda Hastane b\u00fcnyesinde kurulan Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Merkezinde pilotlar\u0131n hipoksi ve vertigo e\u011fitimleri simulat\u00f6rlerde yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bir havac\u0131l\u0131k fizyolojisi kitab\u0131 \u0130ngilizceden dilimize \u00e7evrildi. TSK ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru kurslar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. 1956\u2019da Hava Tababeti Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Geli\u015ftirme Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kuruldu. Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesinin T\u00fcrk havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, u\u00e7u\u015f emniyetinde \u00f6nemli bir yeri vard\u0131r. Hatta \u00fclkemizde havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 anlam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ne varsa, bunlar\u0131n hemen hepsinin burada yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek abart\u0131 de\u011fildir. 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00fclhane Askeri T\u0131p Akademisi’nde a\u00e7\u0131lan Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131p B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, sonradan GATA Hava ve Uzay Hekimli\u011fi Bilim Dal\u0131 olarak Eski\u015fehir’de faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, bu dalda uzman hekimler yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00fcnite bug\u00fcn hala ayn\u0131 i\u015flevini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekle birlikte, ba\u011fl\u0131\u00a0oldu\u011fu Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesi, 15 Temmuz 2016 darbe giri\u015fiminden sonra di\u011fer askeri hastaneler ve GATA ile birlikte la\u011fvedilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn Yunus Emre Devlet Hastanesinin bir alt \u00fcnitesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan hastanenin askeri hekimleri mavi \u00fcniformalar\u0131n\u0131 ve r\u00fctbelerini \u00e7\u0131kararak sivil hekim stat\u00fcs\u00fcne girmi\u015ftir. GATA\u2019daki Hava ve Uzay Hekimli\u011fi Bilim Dal\u0131 da \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f; stat\u00fc karma\u015fas\u0131 ve istifalarla havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n askeri ve bilimsel aya\u011f\u0131, y\u00fcz y\u0131lda kazan\u0131lan bilgi birikimlerini, deneyimlerini ve en \u00f6nemlisi motivasyonunu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yitirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Cihazlar\u0131<\/strong>: 27 Temmuz 1948 tarihinde T\u00fcrk-Amerikan yard\u0131m grubu u\u00e7u\u015f m\u00fcmessili Alb. Sweitzer taraf\u0131ndan ilk al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 odas\u0131\u00a0(Hypobaric Chamber)<\/em>\u00a0faaliyete ge\u00e7irildi. \u0130rtifa ve hipoksi sim\u00fclasyonu amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan hipobarik \u00e7ember 1942 model Amerikan yap\u0131m\u0131, 8+1 ki\u015fi kapasiteliydi ve Almanya\u2019dan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O zamanlar vertigo e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in de Barany Sandalyesi kullan\u0131lmakta idi.<\/p>\n 19-20 Ekim 1953 tarihlerinde \u2018Lost Sheep\u2019 manevras\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan Yunanl\u0131 pilotlardan 17\u2019sine Hava Fizyoloji Laboratuvar\u0131nda 25 bin feet irtifada al\u00e7ak bas\u0131n\u00e7 odas\u0131 e\u011fitimi verildi. Daha sonra 12\u2019\u015fer ki\u015filik gruplar halinde g\u00f6nderilen 200 civar\u0131nda Yunan pilotu, ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 L\u00fcbnan\u2019l\u0131 ve \u0130spanyol pilotlar da bu e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irildi. 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Eski\u015fehir 1. Hava \u0130kmal Bak\u0131m Merkezinde imal edilen, ak\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve V.1, V.2 isimleri verilen vertigo cihazlar\u0131 bir s\u00fcre kullan\u0131ld\u0131. (Halen \u2018Pilot Bas\u0131n\u00e7 Odas\u0131\u2019 ile birlikte \u0130stanbul Ye\u015filyurt\u2019taki Hava M\u00fczesinde sergilenmektedir.) Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda planetary, yaw ve roll hareketleri yapabilen bir \u2018Vertif\u00fcj Cihaz\u0131\u2019 Almanya\u2019dan al\u0131narak e\u011fitim amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise ABD\u2019de imal edilen modern fizyolojik e\u011fitim cihazlar\u0131 ile e\u011fitim faaliyetine ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu cihazlar; \u0130nsan Santrif\u00fcj\u00fc, Al\u00e7ak Bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u00c7emberi, Vertigo Cihaz\u0131, Gece G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Laboratuvar\u0131 ve F\u0131rlatma Sandalyesi idi. Esas olarak askeri havac\u0131l\u0131k u\u00e7ucular\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimi amac\u0131yla al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan bu sim\u00fclat\u00f6rler, zaman zaman sivil havac\u0131l\u0131k pilotlar\u0131n\u0131n ve sivil u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitiminde de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Santrif\u00fcj cihaz\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anti-G manevralar\u0131 e\u011fitimi, 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerin (Pakistan, Banglade\u015f, \u0130srail, \u00dcrd\u00fcn ve BAE, vs) pilotlar\u0131na da verildi ve \u00fclkemize \u00f6nemli prestij kazand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Merkezi, 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hava K.K. taraf\u0131ndan U\u00e7u\u015f Emniyeti Arma\u011fan\u0131\u2019na l\u00e2y\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bunu nedeni, G kuvvetlerine, vertigoya, gece g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yan\u0131lg\u0131lar\u0131na ve hipoksiye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem niteli\u011findeki sim\u00fclat\u00f6r e\u011fitimlerinin kaza k\u0131r\u0131m oranlar\u0131ndaki azalmada katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funun fark edilmesiydi. Bu t\u00fcr e\u011fitimler mutlaka baz\u0131 kazalar\u0131 olmadan \u00f6nlemi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00f6nlenen tek bir kazan\u0131n maddi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile, t\u00fcm fizyolojik e\u011fitim cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti ile orada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131ndan daha fazlad\u0131r. U\u00e7an insanlar\u0131n kurtulan canlar\u0131n\u0131n ise maddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc hesabedilemez.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n U\u00e7u\u015f Doktoru Kurslar\u0131<\/strong>: T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru ihtiyac\u0131 1929\u2019dan itibaren 20 y\u0131l kadar yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kurslardan sa\u011fland\u0131. 2 Aral\u0131k 1948 tarihinden sonra Eski\u015fehir\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015flayan kurslarla \u00e7ok say\u0131da u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru yeti\u015ftirildi. O zamanki kurslar\u00a0\u20183 ay nazari ve 3 ay ameli\u2019<\/em>\u00a0olmak \u00fczere 6 ay devam etmekte; uygulamal\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde her tabip T-33 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda 1 saat ve C-47 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda da 3 saat u\u00e7u\u015f yapmakta idi. Bu kurslardan 2017 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle 1200\u2019den fazla hava, kara, deniz, jandarma ve 130 kadar sivil u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru yeti\u015ftirilerek T\u00fcrk askeri ve sivil havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hizmetine verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n NATO\u2019ya giri\u015fimizden sonra artan bir tempoda ve bug\u00fcn de devam etmekte olan bir anlay\u0131\u015fla Hava Kuvvetleri yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru kurslar\u0131n\u0131 da ihmal etmedi. Hemen her y\u0131l bir askeri hekim de ABD\u2019ye (Texas-San Antonio- Randolph Air Field\u2019e, sonraki y\u0131llarda Brooks Air Force City Base, School of Aerospace Medicine: USAF SAM\u2019e) kurslara g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n Hava Yoluyla Hasta ve Yaral\u0131 Tahliye Kurslar\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130lk kez 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan C-119 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0\u201chavadan yaral\u0131 tahliyesi\u201d<\/em>\u00a0g\u00f6steri ve konferans\u0131 verildi. 1 ay s\u00fcreli kursun ikincisi 1954, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Hava Ambulans Sisteminin hekim, hem\u015fire ve sa\u011fl\u0131k teknisyenleri, hasta ve yaral\u0131lar\u0131n irtifadaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve oksijen azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek fizyolojik ve t\u0131bbi sorunlar ile al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemler konusunda e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irildi.<\/p>\n U\u00e7u\u015f Psikolojisi Kurslar\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Bu kurslar da uzun y\u0131llar Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesindeki Merkezde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 2 haftal\u0131k e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7en \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu askeri sivil memur stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeki psikologlar hava \u00fcslerinde ve Hava Harp Okulunda g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015flerdir. GATA\u2019n\u0131n la\u011fvedilmesinden sonra do\u011fan bo\u015flukta \u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u00dcniversitesi inisiyatif alarak 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda iki kez (Nisan ve Kas\u0131m aylar\u0131nda) Havac\u0131l\u0131k Psikolojisi Sertifika Kursu d\u00fczenlemi\u015f ve 44 U\u00e7u\u015f Psikolo\u011fu yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. (Ancak havayolu \u015firketlerinin ve u\u00e7u\u015f okullar\u0131n\u0131n bu nitelikte personel istihdam\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu talimatlara girmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in kendilerinden yararlan\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Sivil kesimde havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong>: Sivil havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bu bilim alan\u0131 10-15 sene \u00f6ncesine kadar neredeyse tamamen bo\u015ftu. Yurt i\u00e7inde Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesindeki kurslara ko\u015fullar\u0131 zorlayarak kat\u0131l\u0131p \u2018u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru\u2019 unvan\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f birka\u00e7 hekim ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kendi imk\u00e2nlar\u0131yla kurs g\u00f6ren daha az say\u0131daki baz\u0131 hekimler THK ve THY\u2019de g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. TSK\u2019dan emekli u\u00e7u\u015f hekimleri de baz\u0131 kurulu\u015flarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta idi. GATA d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki hi\u00e7bir \u00fcniversitemiz b\u00f6yle bir bilim dal\u0131 a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015f, uzmanl\u0131k \u00f6\u011frencisi yeti\u015ftirmemi\u015fti. Sivil pilotlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n periyodik sa\u011fl\u0131k muayeneleri Eski\u015fehir, Etimesgut ve G\u00fczelyal\u0131 Hava Hastanelerinde yap\u0131lmakta idi. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda, belirli t\u0131bbi cihazlar\u0131 ve uzman hekim kadrolar\u0131 olan hemen her hastane (ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 halinde), Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan pilotaj muayenesi yapma yetkisi alabiliyordu. Bu hastanelerde, havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131yla ilgili en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bilgisi bile olmayan hekimler pilotlar\u0131 muayene edip (!) sa\u011flam karar\u0131 verebilmekte idi. Baz\u0131 \u00fcniversite hastanelerine, baz\u0131 devlet, numune ve \u00f6zel hastanelere yetki verilmi\u015fti. \u0130stinye ve Eski\u015fehir Devlet Hastanesi, Erzurum ve Adana Numune Hastanesi, Cerrahpa\u015fa T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi vb. gibi 47 sa\u011fl\u0131k merkezinde yap\u0131lan muayeneler yasal olarak ge\u00e7erliydi. B\u00fcy\u00fck yolcu u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n pilotlar\u0131, ehliyet muayenesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuran s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc adaylar\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 standartlar i\u00e7inde muayene edilmekte; hekimlerin bu pilotlar\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda hangi fizyolojik zorlanmalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131p nas\u0131l t\u0131bbi problemler ya\u015fayabilecekleri konusunda hi\u00e7bir e\u011fitimleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in rutin muayene bulgular\u0131na pilotlara \u00f6zel yorum getirememekteydiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir pilotta sara hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (epilepsi) tespit edilebiliyor, ila\u00e7 re\u00e7etesi verilip \u2018u\u00e7u\u015fa elveri\u015fli\u2019 karar\u0131 yaz\u0131labiliyordu! \u0130zin d\u00f6neminde \u00f6zel bir hastanede kalp ameliyat\u0131 ge\u00e7iren bir pilot, durumunu SHGM\u2019den gizleyebiliyordu. 2003 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar b\u00f6yle gelindi\u2026<\/p>\n Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 Derne\u011fi\u2019nin uyar\u0131lar\u0131, JAA\u2019n\u0131n zorlamas\u0131 ve SHGM\u2019nin yerinde kararlar\u0131 sonucu Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Hava K.K. ile 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir protokol yaparak u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru\u00a0(AeroMedical Examiner-AME)<\/em>\u00a0kurslar\u0131 tertipledi. Eski\u015fehir Hava Hastanesindeki bu kurslardan bug\u00fcne kadar 130\u2019dan fazla sivil u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru mezun edildi. JAA standard\u0131nda 180 saat (5 hafta) s\u00fcreli bu kurslar\u0131 alan hekimler ve onlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastaneler, Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 SHGM taraf\u0131ndan yetkilendirilmeleri sonras\u0131nda, sivil u\u00e7ucular\u0131n muayene ve u\u00e7u\u015fa elveri\u015flilik de\u011ferlendirmelerini yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Avrupa Birli\u011fine entegrasyon s\u00fcrecinin zorlamalar\u0131yla 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren SHGM\u2019nin devrim niteli\u011findeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla yetkilendirilmi\u015f hastane say\u0131s\u0131 azalt\u0131ld\u0131, nitelikleri y\u00fckseltildi ve her yetkili hastanede en az 2 u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru bulundurma zorunlulu\u011fu getirildi. Pilotlara ait t\u0131bbi kay\u0131tlar on-line SHGM ve di\u011fer hastaneler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr hale getirilerek etkili kontrol sa\u011fland\u0131. SHGM, havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklar\u0131 doldurmak \u00fczere son y\u0131llarda pe\u015f pe\u015fe talimatlar yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/p>\n Havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 bilim alan\u0131nda G\u00fclhane Askeri T\u0131p Akademisi ve Hava Kuvvetleri \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hep devam etmekle birlikte, baz\u0131 \u00fcniversitelerimizde Hava ve Uzay Hekimli\u011fi Anabilim Dallar\u0131 kurulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. \u00d6nce Ufuk \u00dcniversitesinde, sonra 19 May\u0131s ve Osmangazi \u00dcniversitelerinde b\u00f6l\u00fcmler a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. GATA ve SHGM \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 Kongreleri d\u00fczenlendi (2017 y\u0131l\u0131 Ekim ay\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc yap\u0131lan kongrelerde \u00e7ok say\u0131da bilimsel bildiriler sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 Derne\u011fi<\/strong>: Ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerdeki benzerlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00fclkemizde eksikli\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu olan Dernek 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu. (Derne\u011fin misyonu, i\u015flevleri ve faaliyetlerine bundan sonraki yaz\u0131m\u0131zda yer verece\u011fiz.)<\/p>\n Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 Konular\u0131nda Yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Kitaplar:<\/strong><\/p>\n –\u00a0Havac\u0131l\u0131k Hijyeni.<\/strong>\u00a0K. G\u00f6zmen, M. \u015eahinba\u015f, A. Koryak, F.Yakal, S. Tosun, H. Meri\u00e7,<\/p>\n S. Balaban, \u0130. Oykam, N. Sayman, C. Duman. Eski\u015fehir, 1949.<\/p>\n –\u00a0Havac\u0131l\u0131k Tababetinde Fizyoloji.<\/strong>\u00a0Tbp.Yzb. Hilmi Din\u00e7. Eski\u015fehir, 1955.<\/p>\n –\u00a0T\u00fcrk Askeri Havac\u0131l\u0131k Hekimli\u011fi Tarihi.<\/strong>\u00a0Tbp.Alb. \u0130zzet F. Oykam. Eski\u015fehir, 1956.<\/p>\n –\u00a0U\u00e7u\u015f Hekimleri El Kitab\u0131.<\/strong>\u00a0(ABD Hava K Flight Surgeon Manual terc\u00fcmesi)<\/p>\n Tbp.Alb. \u0130zzet F. Oykam. Eski\u015fehir, 1958.<\/p>\n –\u00a0U\u00e7u\u015f Ekibi \u0130\u00e7in Hava Tababeti El Kitab\u0131.<\/strong>\u00a0(AGARD 154 no\u2019lu yay\u0131n\u0131n terc\u00fcmesi)<\/p>\n Tbp.At\u011fm. \u00dcner Tan. Eski\u015fehir, 1974.<\/p>\n –\u00a0U\u00e7u\u015f Fizyolojisi.<\/strong>\u00a0(ABD Hava K kaynaklar\u0131ndan terc\u00fcme) Tbp.\u00dct\u011fm. Ferit Acar. \u00c7i\u011fli, 1974.<\/p>\n –\u00a0Hava Psikolojisi.<\/strong>\u00a0(Aviation Psychology kitab\u0131 terc\u00fcmesi) Ankara, 1975.<\/p>\n –\u00a0Fizyolojik E\u011fitim Ders Kitab\u0131.<\/strong>\u00a0(ABD Hava K. kaynaklar\u0131ndan terc\u00fcme) Pl.Yzb. Sacit<\/p>\n K\u0131l\u0131ncer. Ankara, 1982.<\/p>\n –\u00a0Hava Fizyolojisi.<\/strong>\u00a0(ABD Hava K.\u00a0Physiological Training<\/em>\u00a0kitab\u0131 terc\u00fcmesi) Ankara,1975<\/p>\n –\u00a0T\u00fcrk Asker Hekimli\u011fi Tarihi.\u00a0<\/strong>Tbp. General Kemal \u00d6zbay. \u0130stanbul Matbaas\u0131. \u0130stanbul, 1976.<\/p>\n –\u00a0U\u00e7u\u015f Doktoru ve U\u00e7u\u015f Emniyeti.<\/strong>\u00a0Do\u00e7.Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7. Hava K.K. Ankara, 1994.<\/p>\n –\u00a0Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 El Kitab\u0131.<\/strong>\u00a0Do\u00e7.Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7 (Ed). 1. Tak. Hv.K.K. Eski\u015fehir, 1995.<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u0130nsan Performans\u0131 ve Limitleri.<\/strong>\u00a0Anadolu \u00dc. Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k Y\u00fck.Ok. yay\u0131n\u0131. (JAA- Jeppesen terc\u00fcmesi) Haz\u0131rlayanlar: Co\u015fkun Zaim, Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7. Eski\u015fehir, 2001<\/p>\n –\u00a0Dalg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131k ve U\u00e7uculukta Otorinolarengoloji.<\/strong>\u00a0Do\u00e7.Dr. Faruk Ild\u0131z. KBB.Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve Ba\u015f Boyun Cerrahisi. Edit\u00f6r: Onur \u00c7elik. Turgut Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul 2002.<\/p>\n –\u00a0Sualt\u0131 ve Havac\u0131l\u0131k A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan KBB Hekimli\u011fi.<\/strong>\u00a0M. \u0130brahim H\u0131zalan, Faruk Ild\u0131z. KBB<\/p>\n Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve Ba\u015f-Boyun Cerrahisi. Edit\u00f6r: Can Ko\u00e7. G\u00fcne\u015f Kitabevi, Ankara 2004.<\/p>\n –\u00a0Havadan T\u0131bbi Nakil.<\/strong>\u00a0\u015eener S, Karc\u0131o\u011flu \u00d6. (Eds). Akademisyen T\u0131p Kitabevi, Ankara, 2014.<\/p>\n –\u00a0Havac\u0131l\u0131k ve Uzay Psikolojisi<\/strong>. \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7 M. Nobel Akademik Yay. Ankara, 2016.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yazar : Prof. Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7 Yay\u0131nlanma tarihi : 17 Ocak 2018 https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/yazar\/TURKIYEDE-HAVACILIK-TIBBININ-TARIHCESI\/1248\/ Havac\u0131l\u0131k t\u0131bb\u0131 ve u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru kavram\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcleri Almanlar ve Amerikal\u0131lard\u0131r. \u0130lk u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanya\u2019da g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130lk u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru okulu 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Sadece 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi u\u00e7u\u015f doktoru say\u0131s\u0131 4.412\u2019dir. Amerikan Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131\u00a0Birli\u011fi (Aeromedical Association)\u00a0ise 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu. T\u00fcrk Hava […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulten"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3728","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3728"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3728\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3729,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3728\/revisions\/3729"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/images\/image\/image002.png\")
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