Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n efsane Alman pilotu Baron Manfred von Richtofen (Red Baron); \u201cKutu (u\u00e7ak) \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir; ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 onun i\u00e7ine oturtaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ki\u015fi getirir\u201d demi\u015fti (1). Arthur Hailey ise Havaalan\u0131 roman\u0131nda; pilotlar\u0131n \u2018ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir i\u015f alan\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar titiz bir se\u00e7im prosed\u00fcr\u00fcnden ge\u00e7mi\u015f ki\u015filer oldu\u011fu bi\u00e7iminde \u00f6vg\u00fcl\u00fc bir tan\u0131mlama yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (2). B\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc bir yan\u0131 olan havac\u0131l\u0131k zincirinin en u\u00e7 halkas\u0131 pilotlard\u0131r ve onlar\u0131n se\u00e7imine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem atfedilir; ba\u015fka meslek gruplar\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemi\u015f psikolojik ve bili\u015fsel performans testleri pilot adaylar\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131r…<\/span><\/p>\n Pilot se\u00e7iminde felsefenin, u\u00e7u\u015f ortam\u0131na al\u0131nacak pilot adaylar\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00fcn \u00e7ok ciddi bir hata veya ihl\u00e2l yaparak, \u2018kendilerinin ve ba\u015fka masum insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye atabilece\u011fi\u2019 varsay\u0131m\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyiz. \u0130deali; bilgi, sezgi ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, yetenek ve becerileri y\u00fcksek, psikolojik yap\u0131s\u0131 dengeli adaylar\u0131n kokpite kabul edilmesidir. Bunun pragmatik sonucu, do\u011fru se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecinin, belki y\u0131llar sonra bizim de i\u00e7inde olaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir u\u00e7akta ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurtarabilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Pilot adaylar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7iminde; u\u00e7u\u015fa sevdayla ba\u011fl\u0131, yetenekli ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bilincinde ki\u015filer bulunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ancak b\u00f6yle sevdal\u0131 ve uygun ki\u015filerin, uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcrecek stresli bir i\u015fe dayanmas\u0131; verimli, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve emniyetli bir meslek ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Duygusal denge, u\u00e7u\u015fun gidi\u015fini do\u011fru okuma, isabetli karar verme, stres y\u00f6netimi, ileti\u015fim ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi becerileri, performans ve emniyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Ama ne yaz\u0131k ki, bunlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7meye yarayan test ve m\u00fcl\u00e2kat y\u00f6ntemlerinde m\u00fckemmeliyete eri\u015filememi\u015ftir ve yan\u0131lg\u0131 pay\u0131 az de\u011fildir (3).<\/p>\n Pilot se\u00e7iminin tarih\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce \u0130talyanlar ve Frans\u0131zlar pilot adaylar\u0131nda reaksiyon zaman\u0131, dikkat, denge, kas koordinasyonu ve duygusal tepki gibi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130ngiliz Hava Kuvvetleri (RAF) ise 5 becerinin de\u011ferlendirilmesini anlaml\u0131 bulmaktayd\u0131: Dikkat, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce h\u0131z\u0131, psikomotor beceri, sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karma ve \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu uzaysal alg\u0131 (1). ABD\u2019de 1920\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren askeri havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa uygun ki\u015filerin bulunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, 1930\u2019da ARMA\u00a0(Adaptability Rating for Military Aviation)<\/em>\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda sistematize edildi.<\/p>\n ARMA kapsam\u0131nda psikomotor testlerden ba\u015fka; ki\u015filik ve motivasyon de\u011ferlendirmesi, yani m\u00fcl\u00e2kat da vard\u0131. T\u00fcm fizik muayeneleri, performans \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerini ve psikolojik testleri i\u00e7eren bu de\u011ferlendirme sonunda, u\u00e7u\u015f streslerine dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ve psikolojik uygunluk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en iyi ki\u015filer\u00a0(best of the best)<\/em>\u00a0se\u00e7ilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktayd\u0131 (4). \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na do\u011fru, zek\u00e2y\u0131 ve yetenekleri \u00f6l\u00e7en k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t-kalem testleri ve ki\u015filik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren psikolojik testler \u00f6nem kazand\u0131. 628 pilot aday\u0131n\u0131n izlendi\u011fi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada; testlerden \u2018iyi pilot olabilir\u2019 karar\u0131 alan 212 ki\u015finin %70\u2019i e\u011fitimlerde de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. Testleri olumsuz bulunan 416 ki\u015fiden %83\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn e\u011fitimlerde de ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, pilot se\u00e7iminde uygulanan testlerin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcmit verdi (5). (Grafikteki B ve D dilimlerinin geni\u015fli\u011fi, se\u00e7mede kullan\u0131lan testlerle e\u011fitim ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n paralel gitti\u011finin, yani yap\u0131lan i\u015fin do\u011frulu\u011funun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc kabul edilir. A ve C dilimleri\u00a0False negative\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0False positive<\/em>\u2019dir.)<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcne geldi\u011fimizde<\/strong><\/p>\n Eski\u015fehir Anadolu \u00dcniversitesinin (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Teknik \u00dc.) Havac\u0131l\u0131k ve Uzay Bilimleri Fak\u00fcltesine ba\u011fl\u0131 pilotaj b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde adaylara hem k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t-kalem, hem psikolojik testler ve hem de m\u00fcl\u00e2katlar yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda ne hikmetse bunlar kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dcniversite s\u0131nav\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 puanlar yetiyorsa, pilotaj b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tercih eden her gencin 4 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir e\u011fitim sonunda pilot olabilece\u011fi varsay\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Y\u00d6K, \u00fcniversitelerin m\u00fczik, tiyatro, resim, heykel, beden e\u011fitimi, a\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve hava trafik gibi b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine girecek \u00f6\u011frencilere yetenek testleri ve m\u00fcl\u00e2katlar uygulamaya devam ediyor; ama pilotaj b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde bu yap\u0131lm\u0131yor. Bunun mant\u0131kl\u0131 bir nedeni olmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n 6 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcrmesi \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr\u2026<\/p>\n Yak\u0131n zamana kadar THY\u2019de Alman psikologlar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmakta olan bir de\u011ferlendirme usul\u00fc (DLR-2 olarak bilinen CRM m\u00fcl\u00e2kat\u0131), bizim de dahil oldu\u011fumuz ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Alman psikologlar ile gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrk pilot adaylar\u0131n\u0131n (iki taraf\u0131n da ikinci dilleri olan \u0130ngilizcede) iyi anla\u015famayacaklar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de psikolojik a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin verimli olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmekteydik. Sonradan geli\u015ftirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan dil becerisindeki eksikleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden p\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l gen\u00e7ler, kendilerini do\u011fru ifade edemedikleri i\u00e7in, ayr\u0131ca k\u00fclt\u00fcr fark\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden elenmekteydi\u2026 1 y\u0131ldan uzun s\u00fcredir bundan kurtulduk; bu iyi oldu. Art\u0131k CRM g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri bir \u00fcniversitemizin T\u00fcrk psikologlar\u0131 eliyle yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u2026 Ama bu kez, acaba bu ekibin Almanlar kadar konuya vak\u0131f olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmenin yeterli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. Bu psikolog arkada\u015flar T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne a\u015finayd\u0131lar ama havac\u0131l\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ve psikolojisine de a\u015fina m\u0131yd\u0131lar? Konuyla ilgili e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015flar m\u0131yd\u0131? Pilot olacak gen\u00e7leri se\u00e7me deneyimleri var m\u0131yd\u0131? Gelen gideni aratacak m\u0131yd\u0131?…<\/p>\n Benim bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te elenen gen\u00e7 pilot adaylar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerim oldu. Hava Kuvvetleri ve Anadolu \u00dcniversitesindeki pilot aday\u0131 se\u00e7imi deneyimlerim ve akademik bilgilerim \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kanaatim, \u00e7o\u011funun (bilgi, motivasyon, ki\u015filik y\u00f6n\u00fcnden) gayet iyi pilot olabilecekleri idi. Bence \u2018jilet gibi\u2019 gen\u00e7lerdi. M\u00fcphem geribildirimlerle elenmelerini kay\u0131p olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fcm ve \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fcm\u2026<\/p>\n Bir m\u00fcl\u00e2kat komisyonunun \u00fcyeleri, kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndaki gen\u00e7 insanlar\u0131 mesle\u011fe kabul ederken de, elerken de b\u00fcy\u00fck vicdani sorumluluk duymal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Elenen adaylar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 pilotaja \u2018ger\u00e7ekten uygun olmayabilir\u2019 ve belirgin psikopatolojileri bulunabilir; bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa adam\u0131\u015f, gelece\u011fini oralarda hayal eden yetenekli pilot adaylar\u0131 olabilir… Do\u011fru adamlar\u0131 se\u00e7mek, yanl\u0131\u015f adamlar\u0131 ay\u0131klamak\u2026 \u0130\u015fte b\u00fct\u00fcn mesele bu! Bunun bir y\u00f6ntemi ve felsefesi vard\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n Pilot se\u00e7imi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n prati\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n Profesyonel pilot adaylar\u0131n\u0131n en az 20 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir meslek ya\u015famlar\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131; bu uzun s\u00fcre\u00e7te u\u00e7u\u015fun fiziksel ve psikolojik streslerine katlanacak d\u00fczeyde dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterip g\u00f6steremeyecekleri; ayr\u0131ca motivasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00f6rotik veya patolojik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fcz y\u00fcze konu\u015fularak de\u011ferlendirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r (6).<\/p>\n Bir aday\u0131n gelecekteki pilotaj ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc beceri-ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerine ve psikolojik de\u011ferlendirme sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na bakarak tahmin etmek kolay bir i\u015f de\u011fildir. Havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa uyum yetene\u011fini tam olarak ortaya koyacak yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f spesifik testlerin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, eksper ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel de\u011ferlendirme yapmak yolu \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir. Zorluk buradad\u0131r; semptomlar\u0131n\u0131 gizleme ve kendilerini iyi g\u00f6sterme \u00e7abalar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki\u00a0(Reverse malingering)<\/em>\u00a0adaylar\u0131n dar zaman periyodlar\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi kolay de\u011fildir (7). Di\u011fer taraftan, baz\u0131 bireylerin topluluk \u00f6n\u00fcnde performans g\u00f6sterirken davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi de bilinir. Yani m\u00fcl\u00e2kat s\u00fcrecindeki aday daha tutuk, tel\u00e2\u015fl\u0131 veya yava\u015f kalabilir, yanl\u0131\u015flar yapabilir. Ya da tersine, olumlu imaj yaratmak i\u00e7in kendisini oldu\u011fundan daha iyi g\u00f6sterme (Hawthorne<\/em>\u00a0etkisi) \u00e7abas\u0131na girebilir (3).<\/p>\n Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken<\/strong><\/p>\n Se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecinde her aday b\u00fcy\u00fck bir soru i\u015fareti olarak kabul edilir. Aday\u0131n \u00f6zge\u00e7mi\u015fi, u\u00e7u\u015f ortam\u0131na girme nedenleri, havac\u0131l\u0131k risklerini nas\u0131l alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131; ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fi-nas\u0131l s\u00f6yledi\u011fi-neleri s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi; beden dili, mimik ve jestleri, mikro ifadeleri, davran\u0131\u015f bozukluklar\u0131, fikir ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi gibi konular g\u00f6zlemlerle ve a\u00e7\u0131k u\u00e7lu sorularla de\u011ferlendirilir (8). Anlama ve anlatma becerileri, entelekt\u00fcel ve duygusal zek\u00e2lar\u0131, heyecanlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilmeleri, vs. izlenir. U\u00e7u\u015f motivasyonlar\u0131 ve psikopatolojileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ilkeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilir:<\/p>\n Havac\u0131l\u0131kta psikolog ve psikiyatristlerin yeterlili\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n Baz\u0131 pilotlar ve pilot adaylar\u0131, kendilerini kibirli bi\u00e7imde de\u011ferlendirip u\u00e7u\u015ftan ay\u0131rma gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck kararlar veren psikolog ve psikiyatristlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvensizlik hisseder. Havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilmediklerine, psikolojik terminolojiyi silah gibi kullan\u0131p haks\u0131zl\u0131k ettiklerine inan\u0131rlar (11). Hakkaniyet ad\u0131na \u015funu s\u00f6ylemeliyiz ki, \u00fcniversitelerdeki formel psikoloji e\u011fitiminde klinik psikoloji yoktur (y\u00fcksek lisans e\u011fitimiyle kazan\u0131l\u0131r). Havac\u0131l\u0131k psikolojisi \u00f6\u011fretimi de verilmez (isteyenlerce sonradan edinilir). Yani, havac\u0131l\u0131k ortam\u0131nda rol verilen baz\u0131 psikolog ve psikiyatristlerin yeterlili\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Havac\u0131l\u0131k psikolojisi kitaplar\u0131 yazar\u0131 Prof. Robert Bor, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de bir mahkemede havayolu \u015firketi psikolo\u011fu ile avukat aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en diyalo\u011fu aktar\u0131rken, problemin oralarda da pek farkl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sergilemi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n – Avukat: L\u00fctfen mahkemeye profesyonel olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131klar m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n – Psikolog: (x) \u00fcniversitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f psikoloji doktoras\u0131 sahibiyim.<\/p>\n – Avukat: Havayolu pilotlar\u0131n\u0131n ruhsal durum muayenesiyle ilgili deneyimleriniz olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler misiniz?<\/p>\n – Psikolog: (xx) havayolu \u015firketinde g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m s\u00fcrece pilot se\u00e7iminde ve ikinci pilotlar\u0131n kaptanl\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckselme de\u011ferlendirmelerinde g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131m. \u015eimdiye kadar en az 15 tane de rapor haz\u0131rlad\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n – Avukat: Yani i\u015fyeri psikolo\u011fu oldu\u011funuz, klinik psikolog olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, testler kullanarak klinik tan\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirme yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor, \u00f6yle de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n – Psikolog: Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u015fte deneyim kazand\u0131m ama\u2026 \u015fey\u2026 ummm\u2026 (11)<\/p>\n Bu olguda, havayolu \u015firketi psikolo\u011fu bir pilotu u\u00e7u\u015ftan ay\u0131rmak \u00fczere rapor haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f, pilot da avukat\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla mahkemeye ba\u015fvurarak rapora itiraz etmi\u015ftir. Avukat\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ek, psikolo\u011fun pilotlar\u0131 klinik olarak de\u011ferlendirme ve \u00f6zel testler uygulama yeterlili\u011fi olmadan g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Mahkeme, pilotun u\u00e7u\u015ftan ay\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 onaylam\u0131\u015f, ama \u015firkete de, konusunda uzman olmayan psikologla i\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tazminat \u00f6deme cezas\u0131 vermi\u015ftir\u2026<\/p>\n \u00c2faki de\u011ferlendirmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda askeri pilotlarla m\u00fcl\u00e2kat yapan bir komisyon \u00fcyesi, 24 ya\u015f\u0131nda bile kar\u015f\u0131 cinsle ili\u015fkisi olmayan (b\u00e2kir) gen\u00e7lerin iyi pilot olamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmekte idi\u2026 Bir ba\u015fkas\u0131, d\u00fczenli ve titiz olman\u0131n, pul koleksiyonculu\u011fu benzeri hobilerle u\u011fra\u015fman\u0131n; bir di\u011feri de solakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n iyi pilotluk i\u00e7in yanl\u0131\u015f \u00f6zellikler oldu\u011fu kanaatindeydiler. \u015e\u00fcphesiz b\u00f6ylesine s\u00fcbjektif ve bilimsel dayana\u011f\u0131 olmayan kriterlerin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi yoktur (9). Osmanl\u0131cada \u201cKerameti kendinden menkul\u201d deyiminin i\u015faret etti\u011fi ger\u00e7ek; ki\u015fisel g\u00f6zlem ve kanaatlerini \u00e7ok de\u011ferli san\u0131p, bu sa\u00e7ma kriterleri referans alarak, akl\u0131nca bozuk yumurtalar\u0131 ay\u0131klama gayretke\u015fli\u011fidir. Bu ki\u015filer, do\u011fru se\u00e7im yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 san\u0131rken \u00e7ift sar\u0131l\u0131 yumurtalar\u0131 heba ettiklerinin fark\u0131nda de\u011fillerdir…<\/p>\n Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n 1. Carretta TR, Ree MJ. Pilot selection methods. In: Tsang PS, Vidulich MA. (Eds). Principles and Practice of Aviation Psychology. Lawrance Erlbaum Assoc, Inc. New Jersey, 2003. pp. 357-96.<\/p>\n 2. Hailey A. Havaalan\u0131. \u00c7eviri: Aydil Balta. 3. Bask\u0131, E Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 1972, \u0130stanbul. s. 73.<\/p>\n 3. Martinussen M, Hunter DR. Aviation Psychology and Human Factors. CRC Press, USA, 2010. pp. 30, 83, 87-88, 125-33.<\/p>\n 4. Stoutt GR. Pilots\u2019 personality profile: in search of the \u2018Right Stuff\u2019 The Federal Air Surgeon’s Medical Bulletin, Winter 2001 (Revised Jan.24, 2002).<\/p>\n 5. Tatana MO, Mathew MC, Kennedy CH. A history of aeromedical psychology. In: Kennedy CH, Kay GG. (Eds). Aeromedical Psychology. Ashgate Pub Ltd. England, 2013. pp. 1-12.<\/p>\n 6. Jones DR. Psychiatric considerations in military aerospace medicine. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2001;72: 129-35.<\/p>\n 7. Jones DR. Aerospace Psychiatry. In: DeHart RL, Davis JR (Eds) Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine. Lippincott Williams&Wilkins. Philadelphia, USA. 2002. pp. 403-19.<\/p>\n 8. Jones DR, Marsh RW, Patterson JC, et al. Aviation Neuropsychiatry. US. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine. Brooks AFB. TX. USA, June 2000. pp. 8-9.<\/p>\n Lippincott Williams&Wilkins. Philadelphia, USA. 2002. pp. 403-19.<\/p>\n 9. Cox BD, Schmidt LL, Slack KJ, Foster TC. Assessment and selection of military aviation and astronauts. In: Kennedy CH, Kay GG. (Eds). Aeromedical Psychology. Ashgate Pub Ltd. England, 2013. pp. 17-36.<\/p>\n 10. Bond NA, Bryan GL, Rigney JW, Warren ND. Aviation Psychology. University of Southern California. 1968.<\/p>\n 11. Bor R. Psychological assessment and reporting of crew mental health. In: Bor R, Hubbard T. (Eds). Aviation Mental Health: Psychological Implications for Air Transportation. Ashgate Pub. USA. 2006. pp. 1, 5, 145-48.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yazar : Prof. Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7 Yay\u0131nlanma tarihi : 25 \u015eubat 2019 https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/yazar\/PILOT-ADAYI-SECIMI-KOLAY-BIR-IS-MI\/1314\/ Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n efsane Alman pilotu Baron Manfred von Richtofen (Red Baron); \u201cKutu (u\u00e7ak) \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir; ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 onun i\u00e7ine oturtaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ki\u015fi getirir\u201d demi\u015fti (1). Arthur Hailey ise Havaalan\u0131 roman\u0131nda; pilotlar\u0131n \u2018ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir i\u015f alan\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar titiz bir se\u00e7im prosed\u00fcr\u00fcnden ge\u00e7mi\u015f ki\u015filer oldu\u011fu bi\u00e7iminde \u00f6vg\u00fcl\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulten"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3745"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3746,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3745\/revisions\/3746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/images\/image\/image001.png\")
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\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin NATO\u2019ya giri\u015finden sonra ARMA kavram\u0131 T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri sa\u011fl\u0131k y\u00f6nergelerine AHUY ad\u0131yla (Askeri Havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa Uyum Yetene\u011fi) girmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk Hava Kuvvetlerinde pilot aday\u0131 se\u00e7imleri uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r yerle\u015fik usuller \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131lmakta, yetenek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcnde psikomotor test cihazlar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmakta ve m\u00fcl\u00e2katlar uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca gereksinim olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131lan 2-3 haftal\u0131k kurslardan yeti\u015ftirilen u\u00e7u\u015f psikologlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f birliklerinde pilotlara destek vermek \u00fczere atanmakta, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da pilot se\u00e7imi s\u00fcrecinde g\u00f6rev almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/images\/image\/image003.png\")
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