Havac\u0131l\u0131kta u\u00e7u\u015f e\u011fitimi ve test ama\u00e7l\u0131 sabit veya hareketli (planetary, yaw, pitch, roll) sim\u00fclat\u00f6r cihazlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek u\u00e7u\u015flarda (havada) her zaman yakalanamayacak veya risk ta\u015f\u0131yan ko\u015fullar (sis, bulut i\u00e7i, yan r\u00fczg\u00e2r, kar, tipi, deniz \u00fczeri, gece, vs), u\u00e7u\u015f sim\u00fclat\u00f6rlerinde istendi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde yarat\u0131labilir. Emergency senaryolar\u0131, akrobatik manevralar ve ini\u015f kalk\u0131\u015f e\u011fitimleri emniyetle yap\u0131l\u0131rken, gerekti\u011finde u\u00e7u\u015f durdurulabilir. Havada yap\u0131lan e\u011fitimlere g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck maliyet avantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Askeri havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa \u00f6zel fizyolojik inkapasitasyonlar\u0131 (vertigo, dekompresyon, kabin patlamas\u0131, hipoksi, G kuvvetleri) sim\u00fcle eden cihazlar da \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir ve pilotlar\u0131n fizyolojik e\u011fitimlerinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Vertigo ve G sim\u00fclat\u00f6r cihazlar\u0131ndaki tutmalar<\/strong><\/p>\n Vertigo (disorientation) e\u011fitim yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 cihazlar\u0131n ilki, manuel d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclen Barany sandalyesidir. 1906 y\u0131l\u0131ndan Avusturyal\u0131 fizyolog Robert Barany taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilmi\u015f olup, geli\u015ftirilerek (motor, VR g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, vs.) bug\u00fcn de hem dizoryantasyon yarat\u0131p \u00f6nlemleri \u00f6\u011fretmek, hem de tutma uyaranlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 duyars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma tedavisi yapmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Akrobatik Tekerlek (Cyr wheel) de eski ama kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir duyars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma cihaz\u0131d\u0131r. Vertigo e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in 4 eksende hareket yetene\u011fi ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i g\u00f6rsel efektleri olan sofistike elektronik cihazlar da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Geli\u015fkin bir cihaz Eski\u015fehir\u2019de Hava K.K. USAEM\u2019de hizmettedir).<\/p>\n Hem vertigo hem de santrif\u00fcj cihaz e\u011fitimleri s\u00fcrecinde tutma semptomlar\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n U\u00e7ak sim\u00fclat\u00f6rleri e\u011fitimi s\u00fcrecinde tutma<\/strong><\/p>\n Askeri ve sivil u\u00e7ak sim\u00fclat\u00f6rleriyle yap\u0131lan e\u011fitim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda g\u00f6rsel alg\u0131lar ile vestib\u00fcler ve derin duyu mesajlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k (mismatch, desenkronizasyon) nedeniyle tutma belirtileri ya\u015fan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin ekranda g\u00f6rsel olarak y\u00fcksek varyolu t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f, dal\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f gibi hareketler alg\u0131lan\u0131rken, i\u00e7 kulak denge organ\u0131 ve derin duyu (proprioseptif) sistemleri bunu alg\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in beyindeki mesajlarda z\u0131tl\u0131k olur. Yani g\u00f6z\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hareketi vestib\u00fcl do\u011frulamaz\u2026 \u2018Virtual Reality\u2019 g\u00f6zl\u00fcklerindekine benzer olan bu durumda, \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeyen mesajlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fki kusmaya kadar giden rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar olu\u015fturur. Yerde kurulu bir kokpit ortam\u0131nda, havadaki hareket ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri sanal bi\u00e7imde sunan cihazlar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tutma halleri, \u2018Simulator sickness: Simsic\u2019 terimi ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmu\u015ftur. Hareket hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (motion sickness) bir alt \u00e7e\u015fidi olup, mekanizmalar\u0131 ve semptomlar\u0131 \u00e7ok benzerdir. Simulat\u00f6r tutmas\u0131 semptomlar\u0131 d\u00f6rt k\u00fcmede toplanabilir:<\/p>\n N k\u00fcmesi (Nausea): Vagus siniri uyar\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 sindirim sistemi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131; bulant\u0131, \u00f6\u011f\u00fcrt\u00fc, ge\u011firme, midede huzursuzluk hissi, so\u011fuk terleme, kusma.<\/p>\n D k\u00fcmesi (Disorientation): Vertigo, ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesi, denge bozuklu\u011fu gibi dizoryantasyon belirtilerinin bask\u0131n oldu\u011fu k\u00fcme.<\/p>\n O k\u00fcmesi (Oculomotor): G\u00f6rsel bozukluklar\u0131n \u00f6nde oldu\u011fu; bulan\u0131k g\u00f6rme, ge\u00e7ici g\u00f6rsel zay\u0131fl\u0131k (asthenopia), g\u00f6z yorgunlu\u011fu, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 gibi belirtiler.<\/p>\n C k\u00fcmesi (Cognitive): Bili\u015fsel bozukluklar\u0131n bulant\u0131-kusmadan daha a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu k\u00fcme: Sersemlik hissi, umursamazl\u0131k, isteksizlik, odaklanamama, asosyallik, depresyon.<\/p>\n D\u00f6rt k\u00fcmede toplanm\u0131\u015f olsa da bu semptomlar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir. Ki\u015fisel farklar ba\u011flam\u0131nda baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ya da hepsinin birden ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 olabilir. \u00c7o\u011funlukla birka\u00e7 saatte ge\u00e7er, ama g\u00fcn boyu ve ertesi g\u00fcnlerde rahats\u0131zl\u0131k hissedenler de vard\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 etkilenmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyenlerde bile hafif belirtiler (ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, yorgunluk hissi) olas\u0131d\u0131r. Bazen \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde var olan ya da ge\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan belirtiler, ger\u00e7ek u\u00e7u\u015f g\u00f6revlerinde odaklanma, g\u00f6rme bozukluklar\u0131 ve mide huzursuzlu\u011fu bi\u00e7iminde performans\u0131 azaltabilir. ABD Deniz Kuvvetleri (NAVY), sim\u00fclat\u00f6r tutmas\u0131n\u0131n 16 belirtisini N, O ve D skalalar\u0131nda 0-3 aras\u0131 puanlamaya dayanan \u2018Pensacola Simulator Sickness Questionnaire\u2019 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, tutman\u0131n nicel de\u011ferlendirmesine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flar; yani art\u0131\u015f ve azal\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n takibinde i\u015fe yarar.<\/p>\n Geni\u015f ekranl\u0131 ve optik \u00e7arp\u0131tmalar\u0131 olan sim\u00fclat\u00f6rlerde belirtilerin say\u0131s\u0131 da \u015fiddeti de fazlad\u0131r. E\u011fitim s\u00fcresinin 2 saat ve \u00fcst\u00fc olmas\u0131, agresif manevralar\u0131n \u00e7ok\u00e7a yap\u0131lmas\u0131, al\u00e7ak irtifa u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131, ani g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc donmas\u0131 veya ekran kararmas\u0131 halleri de belirtileri artt\u0131rabilir. Simsic ya\u015fl\u0131 pilotlarda daha fazlad\u0131r. Genel g\u00f6r\u00fclme oranlar\u0131; sabit sim\u00fclat\u00f6rlerde %10-47; hareketli olanlarda %26-69, helikopter sim\u00fclat\u00f6rlerinde %60\u2019d\u0131r. (Ortalamas\u0131 %50). \u00c7ok tecr\u00fcbeli sim\u00fclat\u00f6r \u00f6\u011fretmeni pilotlar bile bu hastal\u0131ktan muaf de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Simsic\u2019in yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar bir s\u00fcre sonra ge\u00e7er; ama e\u011fitim amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131yorsa beklenen yarar\u0131n elde edilememesi, test ama\u00e7l\u0131ysa de\u011ferlendirmeyi bozmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar getirebilir. Ayr\u0131ca tutmay\u0131 tetikleyen belirli hareketlerde ba\u015f hareketlerini azaltma ve g\u00f6zlerini kapatma gibi \u2018yanl\u0131\u015f al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u2019 kazand\u0131rabilir\u2026<\/p>\n Yararlan\u0131lan Kaynaklar:<\/strong><\/p>\n 1.\u00a0Lucertini M. Simulator sickness: An emergency clinical syndrome. Italian Journal of Aerospace Med. Jan 2011: 26-38.<\/p>\n 2.\u00a0Tsang PS, Vidulich MA. Principles and Practice of Aviation Psychology. Lawrance Erlbaum Assoc, Inc. New Jersey, 2003. pp. 99-102.<\/p>\n 3.\u00a0Kennedy CH, Kay GG. (Eds). Aeromedical Psychology. Ashgate Pub Ltd. England, 2013. pp. 195-209.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yazar : Prof. Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7 Yay\u0131nlanma tarihi : 22 A\u011fustos 2022 https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/yazar\/UCUS-SIMULATORU-TUTMASI\/2792\/ Havac\u0131l\u0131kta u\u00e7u\u015f e\u011fitimi ve test ama\u00e7l\u0131 sabit veya hareketli (planetary, yaw, pitch, roll) sim\u00fclat\u00f6r cihazlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek u\u00e7u\u015flarda (havada) her zaman yakalanamayacak veya risk ta\u015f\u0131yan ko\u015fullar (sis, bulut i\u00e7i, yan r\u00fczg\u00e2r, kar, tipi, deniz \u00fczeri, gece, vs), u\u00e7u\u015f sim\u00fclat\u00f6rlerinde istendi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde yarat\u0131labilir. Emergency senaryolar\u0131, akrobatik manevralar ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulten"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3757"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3757\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3758,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3757\/revisions\/3758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/images\/image\/20220822-muzafferhoca-1.jpg\")
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Y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 jet pilotlar\u0131n\u0131n +G toleranslar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7en ve anti-G manevralar\u0131 e\u011fitimi veren \u2018insan santrif\u00fcj\u00fc\u2019 cihazlar\u0131nda akseleratif kuvvetleri sim\u00fcle edilir.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/images\/image\/20220822-muzafferhoca-2.jpg\")
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