Pilot performans\u0131n\u0131 azaltan t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131n \u00e7ok ciddiye al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, pilotlar\u0131n hangi ya\u015fa kadar etkin g\u00f6rev yapabilecekleri konusu 1950’li y\u0131llardan beri tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Tart\u0131\u015fmalar, pilotlar\u0131n ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndau\u00e7u\u015f emniyet risklerininartrabilece\u011fi ekseni \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 akla getiren iki unsur; ya\u015f ilerledik\u00e7e psikomotor ve mental performans\u0131n azalmas\u0131\u2026 ve t\u0131bbi inkapasitasyonlar\u0131n artmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Sorular \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n 1.<\/strong>Ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131kla ilgili kayg\u0131lar abart\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131lara dayan\u0131yor olabilir mi?<\/p>\n 2.<\/strong>2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131nhal\u00e2 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 do\u011fru mudur?<\/p>\n Ya\u015f S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131n Kronolojisi-1<\/u><\/strong>(TooOldToFly?)<\/em><\/p>\n \u2022\u00a01919<\/u><\/strong>: Uluslararas\u0131 Hava Seyr\u00fcsefer Komisyonu, havayolu pilotlar\u0131n\u0131n emekliliklerine 45ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 koydu (1).<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a01947<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong>Ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a01950<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0Emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131 65 oldu.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a01950-1959<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong>Baz\u0131 havayolu \u015firketleri (AmericanAirlines, TWA, Western Airlines) 60 ya\u015f\u0131na gelen pilotlar\u0131ns\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini feshetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Sebebi; uet u\u00e7aklar\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmesi, u\u00e7ak performanslar\u0131n\u0131n, u\u00e7u\u015f mesafelerinin ve yolcusay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a01959<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong>Yeni kurulan FAA, 60\u2019\u0131nc\u0131 ya\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcne gelen pilotlar\u0131n (emniyetle u\u00e7amayacak kadar ya\u015fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 sav\u0131yla) 30\u2019dan fazla koltuklu (Part 121) yolcu u\u00e7aklar\u0131nda g\u00f6rev almalar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131. ABD\u2019de 60 Ya\u015f Kural\u0131\u00a0(Age 60 Rule)<\/em><\/u>\u00a0uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n \u2022\u00a01960-1963<\/u>:<\/strong>\u00a0IATA ve ICAO da 60 ya\u015f kural\u0131n\u0131 benimsedi (1).<\/p>\n Ya\u015f Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n \u2022\u00a01967<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0ABD Federal Yasas\u0131, \u0131rk ve cinsiyet ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0(Racism, Sexism)\u00a0<\/em>gibi, 40 ya\u015f<\/p>\n \u00fcst\u00fc insanlara \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131nda ya\u015f ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0(Ageism)<\/em>yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da yasaklad\u0131 (2).<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a01986<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong>Bu yasaya 3 istisna getirildi: Ticari havayolu pilotlar\u0131, Hava trafikKontrol\u00f6rleri ve G\u00fcvenlik personeli. (Yani \u2018bu gruplara ya\u015f ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131labilir\u2019 deniliyordu).<\/p>\n Pilotlar\u0131n Ya\u015f Sorunsal\u0131na Dair Raporlar<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n 1.<\/strong>Hilton Raporu<\/u>: FAA\u2019in 1976-1988 aras\u0131ndaki 12 y\u0131la ait u\u00e7u\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n analizine, kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k bir toplant\u0131daki \u00f6nerilerine ve bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na dayanan Hilton Raporu 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Toplumun her kesiminden gelen 2 binden fazla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi raporda;halk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun, pilotlar\u0131n emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Halk, 55 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra pilotlar\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu. Ancak raporun bilimsel sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re; 60 ya\u015f civar\u0131 pilotlar\u0131n kaza oranlar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015fa dair bir ipucu bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (3).<\/p>\n 2.<\/strong>Amerikan Ulusal Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k ve Emniyet Dairesi\u2019nin (NTSB) 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan raporunda, 60 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcndeki pilotlar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazalarda sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n sebep unsuru oldu\u011funa dair bir bulgu yoktu (4).<\/p>\n 3.<\/strong>Amerikan Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (NIH) ve Profesyonel Pilotlar Federasyonu da (PPF), havayolu pilotlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu olmad\u0131k\u00e7a ya\u015f\u0131n bilimsel bir engel te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fini, pilotun u\u00e7u\u015f deneyimi artt\u0131k\u00e7a kaza oranlar\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmaktayd\u0131lar (5).<\/p>\n 4.<\/strong>FAA\u2019in Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k T\u0131bb\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (CAMI) ya\u015fl\u0131 pilotlar\u0131n t\u0131bbi inkapasitasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kazalarda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; yarg\u0131, karar verme ve ileti\u015fim gibi CRM ve NOTECHS unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015fti (1,6).<\/p>\n 5.<\/strong>Pilot muayenesi yapma yetkisi verilmi\u015f deneyimli u\u00e7u\u015f doktorlar\u0131\u00a0(AeromedicalExaminer-AME)<\/em>, bazen gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta olduklar\u0131 halde u\u00e7mamas\u0131 gerekecek durumda, bazen de 60 ya\u015f\u0131nda ama s\u00fcper pilotlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemekteydiler (7).<\/p>\n 6.<\/strong>Ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131kla birlikte bili\u015fsel yetilerin azalaca\u011f\u0131 savlar\u0131, beyin plastisitesinin ve \u00f6\u011frenme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131lmakta idi. Ancak yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar n\u00f6roplastisitenin ve g\u00f6rsel temal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmenin ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131kta durmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir (8).<\/p>\n 7.<\/strong>Konuyla ilgili \u00e7ok say\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 olan Dr. GuohuaLi, (1983-1997 periyodunda) 3.306 pilotu ve bunlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 165 u\u00e7u\u015f kazas\u0131n\u0131 inceledi. 40-49 ve 50-63 ya\u015f gruplar\u0131ndaki pilotlar\u0131n kaza oranlar\u0131nda ve simulat\u00f6r u\u00e7u\u015fu performanslar\u0131n\u0131n mukayesesinde, ya\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131 anlaml\u0131 farklar bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu (9).<\/p>\n 8.<\/strong>Dr. Baker\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ise, genel havac\u0131l\u0131kta 55-63 ya\u015f pilotlar\u0131n kaza oranlar\u0131n\u0131n daha az, 40-49 ya\u015f grubu erkek pilotlar\u0131n karar verme hatas\u0131 oranlar\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu sonucu al\u0131nd\u0131 (10).<\/p>\n 9.<\/strong>Japonya\u2019da 1991-2001 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki ticari havayolu u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada; 60-63 ya\u015flar\u0131nda 159 pilotun 84 bin saat u\u00e7u\u015f yapt\u0131klar\u0131 periyotta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen 27 kazadan hi\u00e7birinde pilotaj hatas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucu al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (11).<\/p>\n 10.<\/strong>\u00a0U\u00e7ak Sahipleri ve Pilotlar Birli\u011fi (AOPA),ya\u015f ile g\u00fcvenlik aras\u0131nda herhangi bir ili\u015fki bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; ama sigortac\u0131lar\u0131n 70 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki pilotlar\u0131npoli\u00e7elerini yenilemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in bu pilotlar\u0131n emeklili\u011fe zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 (1).<\/p>\n Ya\u015fl\u0131 pilotlar\u0131n aleyhine sonu\u00e7 veren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar<\/u>:<\/strong><\/p>\n 1.<\/strong>\u0130ngiltere\u2019de yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada; 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda (4\u2019\u00fc u\u00e7u\u015fta \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lanan) 36 inkapasitasyon olgusu rapor edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130nkapasitasyon riski a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 60\u2019l\u0131 ya\u015flardaki erkek pilotlardaki oran 40\u2019l\u0131 ya\u015ftakilere g\u00f6re 5 kat fazlayd\u0131 (12).<\/p>\n 2.<\/strong>Kaza oranlar\u0131na bak\u0131lan ba\u015fka bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada 60 ve \u00fcst\u00fc ya\u015flarda daha gen\u00e7 gruplara g\u00f6re 2 kat\u00a0fazla kaza g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (13).<\/p>\n 3.<\/strong>1972-81 periyoduna ait bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, pilotlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl kazaya kar\u0131\u015fma oran\u0131n\u0131n tecr\u00fcbe ile azald\u0131\u011f\u0131, ama 60 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcnde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur (14).<\/p>\n Bu ve benzeri \u00e7ok say\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda birbirinin tam tersine sonu\u00e7lar elde edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131; insan bilimlerinde s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan g\u00f6recelik \/ de\u011fi\u015fkenlik kavram\u0131yla ilgili olsa gerektir. Di\u011fer taraftan, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fin i\u00e7ine katarak ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi, olgu se\u00e7imi ve yorumlarda yanl\u0131 davrand\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Baz\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n ve farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131n\u0131n lobicilik,vs. faaliyetleri do\u011frultusunda sipari\u015fe dayal\u0131 raporlar haz\u0131rl\u0131yor olmalar\u0131 da ihtimal dahilindedir…<\/p>\n Ya\u015f S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131n Kronolojisi-2<\/u><\/strong>(TooOldToFly?)<\/em><\/p>\n \u2022\u00a02004-2006<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>60 ya\u015f kural\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u2018ya\u015fl\u0131\u2019 pilotlara y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nyarg\u0131 ve damgalamalar (stigmatizasyon) 1959\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak 45 y\u0131l devam etti. 2004y\u0131l\u0131nda Japonya, 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Kanada, Avustralya, Yeni Zelanda ve Avrupa Havac\u0131l\u0131kOtoriteleri emeklilik limitini (kokpitteki di\u011fer pilotun 60 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 ve OMLs\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 olmamas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla) 64 ya\u015f sonuna, yani 65\u2019e y\u00fckseltti.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a02007<\/u>:<\/strong>FAA, Part 121 pilotlar\u0131 i\u00e7in emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 65\u2019e y\u00fckseltilmesini kabul etti.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a02015<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0Japonya limiti 68 ya\u015f\u0131na uzatt\u0131; hatta 70 ya\u015f da konu\u015fulmakta. Kanada ve di\u011fer baz\u0131<\/p>\n \u00fclkeler \u00fcst ya\u015f limitini tamamen kald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a02020<\/u><\/strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>FAA30\u2019dan az yolculu Part 135 veCharter u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131nda 65 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcne izin verdi.<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a02022<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0ABD senatosuna senat\u00f6r LindseyGrahamtaraf\u0131ndan sunulan emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 67\u2019ye y\u00fckseltilmesi teklifi altkomisyonda 69\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 351 oyla kabul edildi. Bu teklif,\u201cpilot a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu, y\u00fczlerce u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131nu\u00e7amad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nitelikli pilotlar\u0131n mentor rol\u00fc oynayabilecekleri\u201d arg\u00fcman\u0131yla B\u00f6lgesel Havayollar\u0131 Birli\u011fi (RAA) ve UlusalHavayolu Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fi (NACA) taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi.Ancak Havayolu Pilotlar\u0131 Birli\u011fi (ALPA) kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; hatta teklifin kabul edilmemesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde lobi faaliyetleri ve kampanya yapt\u0131 (1,15).<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a02024<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong>FAA,67 ya\u015f\u0131nda emeklilik \u00f6nerisini uygun bulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.Senato Alt komisyonda kabul edilen teklif,Senatoda reddedildi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc reddedilme karar\u0131 bilimsel bulgulara dayanm\u0131yordu\u2026<\/p>\n \u2022\u00a02024<\/u>:\u00a0<\/strong>ABD\u2019li NetJet, Part 135 u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 yapan pilotlar\u0131n\u0131n emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 70\u2019e y\u00fckseltti (1).<\/p>\n 65 Ya\u015f \u00dcst\u00fcne \u0130tirazlar\u0131n Temelinde Ne Var?<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n End\u00fcstri toplumlar\u0131, daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilecekleri daha gen\u00e7 ki\u015fileri istihdam edebilmek i\u00e7in 65 ya\u015f\u0131, ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k ve emeklilik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olarak belirlemi\u015ftir (16). Bu, bilimsel-t\u0131bbi gerek\u00e7eleri olan bir limit de\u011fildir. 65 ya\u015f\u0131na gelip de kendilerini hem sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 hem de mesleki olarak zirvede g\u00f6ren pilotlar, \u2018Ya\u015f\u0131n sadece bir rakam\u2019 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerler. 1959 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki konulan 60 ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n 2007\u2019de 65 ya\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 bile ge\u00e7 verilmi\u015f bir karar iken; 2020\u2019li y\u0131llarda hal\u00e2 \u2018bir \u00e7\u0131t bile\u2019 y\u00fckseltilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 akla ve bilime uygun bulmazlar.<\/p>\n Havac\u0131l\u0131kta 60 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc ticari havayolu pilotlar\u0131n\u0131n oran\u0131 sadece %5-6\u2019d\u0131r; %95 oran\u0131ndaki \u2018gen\u00e7-orta ya\u015f grubu\u2019 u\u00e7u\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fini bahane ederek, ama ger\u00e7ekte kariyer a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndankendilerine yol a\u00e7mak amac\u0131ylaya\u015fl\u0131ca grubun aradan \u00e7ekilmesini istiyor gibidir. \u015eirketler de daha fazla \u00fccret \u00f6dedikleri k\u0131demlilerin yerine g\u00f6rece az maliyetli gen\u00e7lerin gelmesini istiyor olabilir. Bu arada kaza sigortas\u0131 \u015firketleri (ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131kta artan t\u0131bbi inkapasitasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 kaza ve tazminat olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden) ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n elimine edilmesinden yana tav\u0131r almaktad\u0131r… Neyse ki (baz\u0131 ilkel topluluklarda oldu\u011fu gibi)ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fe yaramaz say\u0131l\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi\u00a0(senicide, kamitok)\u00a0<\/em>d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fcyor (16). ??<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n Biyolojik (kronolojik) ya\u015f, i\u015flevsellik ve performans de\u011ferlendirmesinde \u00e7ok g\u00fcvenilir bir parametre de\u011fildir. Belki de en fazla g\u00f6recelilik ya\u015f\/ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k konusundad\u0131r. Son on y\u0131llarda sa\u011fl\u0131k bilincinin ve t\u0131bbi desteklerin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenmektedir. Do\u011fru beslenme, obezite kontrol\u00fc, sigara ve alkol t\u00fcketimi k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131, egzersiz, hijyen,yeni tan\u0131 ve tedavi metotlar\u0131, yeni ila\u00e7lar, sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortalar\u0131, \u00fccretsiz sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri,ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131nda ve ya\u015fam kalitelerinde iyile\u015fmeyaratm\u0131\u015f; ortalama \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcreleri uzam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Sonu\u00e7ta 50-60 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine k\u0131yasla bir \u2018Ya\u015f Kaymas\u0131\u2019(Age shifting)<\/em>oldu\u011fu izlenmektedir. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n 60 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki insanlar\u0131 ile,2020\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n 60\u2019l\u0131 ya\u015flar\u0131 ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. Japonya\u2019da 65-75 ya\u015f grubunda olup \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eden, sosyal ya\u015famda da aktif olan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in t\u00fcretilen \u2018gen\u00e7 ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u2019 anlam\u0131ndaki\u00a0\u2018YoungOld\u2019\u00a0(YOLD)\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>kavram\u0131, bu durumu somutla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131nda ya\u015f ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u00a0(ageism)<\/em>\u00a0yasak getiren ABD Federal Yasas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar i\u00e7in ya\u015f\u0131n de\u011fil becerinin ve i\u015flevselli\u011fin esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 prensibini kabul etmi\u015fti (17). Ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n bir rakama oturtulmas\u0131 ve performans\u0131nda bu rakam \u00fczerinden de\u011ferlendirilmesido\u011fruolamaz.Yani ya\u015f, performans\u0131 azaltan birinci fakt\u00f6r de\u011fildir; \u00f6rne\u011fin stresin ve yorgunlu\u011fun performansa olumsuz etkileri \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r (18).Art\u0131k kronolojik ya\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc yerine mesleki beceri ve performans gibi parametrelerle belirlenen \u2018Fonksiyonel Ya\u015f\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131n referans al\u0131nmas\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n U\u00e7u\u015f emniyeti ba\u011flam\u0131nda performans\u0131 azaltan metabolik, kardiyolojik, n\u00f6ropsikiyatrik,bili\u015fsel ve di\u011fer t\u0131bbi risk unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n sadeca ya\u015fl\u0131lara mahsus oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011fi gibi, gen\u00e7-orta ya\u015f insanlarda olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da garantisi yoktur.\u0130nsan hatas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ya\u015fl\u0131 olanlar\u0131n de\u011fil, gen\u00e7 ve orta ya\u015flardaki pilotlar\u0131n eseridir.Pilotun zihinsel ve bedensel olarak u\u00e7u\u015fa uygunlu\u011funu denetleyen \u2018\u0130nsan Fakt\u00f6r\u00fc Uzmanlar\u0131 (u\u00e7u\u015f hekimleri ve havac\u0131l\u0131k psikologlar\u0131) her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u0131bbi ve mental bulgular\u0131 m\u00fckemmel olan ki\u015fileri s\u0131rf biyolojik ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131nreferans al\u0131n\u0131p u\u00e7u\u015f g\u00f6revlerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131lc\u0131 bulmazlar.<\/p>\n Pilotun performans\u0131nda ya\u015fa veya ba\u015fka sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bozulmalar muayene ve laboratuvar bulgular\u0131yla saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda onu u\u00e7u\u015ftan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kanaatimizce, s\u0131k\u0131 fiziksel ve zihinsel de\u011ferlendirmelerinde i\u015flevselliklerini engelleyen bir bulgu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece,65 ya\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015f pilotlara, 67 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar (sonraki y\u0131llarda belki 70 ve \u00f6tesi) u\u00e7u\u015f izni verilmelidir. Bu \u00f6nerimizin temelinde ya\u015fl\u0131lara bir jest yapmak de\u011fil, bu deneyimli ki\u015filerden daha uzun s\u00fcre yararlanmak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n United Airlines\u2019dan 65 ya\u015f\u0131nda emekli edilmi\u015f Kpt.Plt. Eddie Folsom\u2019un fiziksel ve zihinsel performans\u0131yla ilgili s\u00f6zleri ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki video izlenebilir.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/images\/image\/20240523-mc-yazi-5.jpg\")
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