Pakistan Havayollar\u0131’n\u0131n 8303 sefer say\u0131l\u0131 Airbus A320 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 Ramazan ay\u0131nda 22 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc Karachi Cinnah Havaalan\u0131na g\u00f6vde \u00fczeri indi. Kazayla ilgili ilk soru\u015fturmada, pilot hatalar\u0131 itham edildi. Pilotlar manuellere g\u00f6re u\u00e7muyorlar, kule ile ileti\u015fim kurmuyorlar, koronavir\u00fcs pandemisi odakl\u0131 bir sohbet yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. ATC, ilk ini\u015fte fazla y\u00fcksek kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 uyarm\u0131\u015f, 2\u2019inci denemede izin vermi\u015fti… \u0130ni\u015f tak\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olan u\u00e7ak piste teker koymak \u00fczereyken pilotlardan biri ini\u015f tak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 (nedense?) geri ald\u0131; g\u00f6vde \u00fczeri inen u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n motorlar\u0131nda yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. U\u00e7akta 97 ki\u015fi ve yerde s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131 evlerde 1 \u00e7ocuk \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n Kaptan Sajjad Gul, 58 ya\u015f\u0131nda ve 17 bin saatlik u\u00e7u\u015f deneyimi olan, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcven tutumu sergileyen bir pilottu. 33 ya\u015f\u0131nda ve 2.100 saatlik u\u00e7u\u015fu olan F\/O Usman Azam ile aralar\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7 mesafesi fazlayd\u0131. Kaptan\u0131 uyarma ve denetleme sorumlulu\u011fundan imtina etmekte; assertif de\u011fil, \u2018Yes Sir\u2019 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde davranmakta idi. Bu kazada ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiren 98 ki\u015filik listenin ba\u015f\u0131nda pilotlar yer ald\u0131. Her ikisinin de o g\u00fcn oru\u00e7lu olduklar\u0131 aileleri taraf\u0131ndan teyit edildi. Kaza inceleme raporunda, hem PIA\u2019ya hem de Pakistan Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k Otoritesi’ne idari sorumluluk y\u00fcklendi. Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k Otoritesi’nin pilotlar\u0131n oru\u00e7luyken u\u00e7mas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kurallar\u0131n\u0131n net olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurguland\u0131. Kulenin ini\u015f tak\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olarak ini\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uyarmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve liyakatsiz ki\u015filerin g\u00f6reve al\u0131nmas\u0131 da (nepotizm) kazay\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan di\u011fer unsurlar olarak zikredildi (1,2,3,4,5). (Bu kazada ana sebebin oru\u00e7 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olur. Ama katk\u0131da bulunan fakt\u00f6rlerden birisi oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir).<\/p>\n 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 Ramazan ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda (2 Nisan 2022) Pakistan Havayollar\u0131 (PIA) U\u00e7u\u015f Hizmetleri M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Aamir Bashir, pilotlar\u0131n ve kabin memurlar\u0131n\u0131n oru\u00e7 tutmalar\u0131n\u0131n yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 resmen a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n U\u00e7u\u015f Emniyet B\u00fcltenindeki yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Bashir; oru\u00e7 s\u00fcrecindeki yeme i\u00e7me k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131n\u0131n performans\u0131 azaltan, yorgunlu\u011fu, hata ve kazalar\u0131 artt\u0131ran maj\u00f6r unsurlardan biri oldu\u011funu; yememe ve i\u00e7memenin kan \u015fekeri d\u00fc\u015fmesi, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 azalmas\u0131 ve dehidrasyon yoluyla pilot performans\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na neden olabilece\u011fini; bunun yaln\u0131zca pilotlar\u0131n de\u011fil, masum insanlar\u0131n da hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye att\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Oru\u00e7 tutmak isteyen u\u00e7u\u015f ekiplerinin Ramazan ay\u0131nda izin alabilece\u011fini; oru\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131na uymayan pilotlar\u0131n lisanslar\u0131n\u0131n iptal edilebilece\u011fini duyurdu (6,7,8,9).<\/p>\n Bu trajik kaza medyada ve forumlarda her y\u00f6n\u00fcyle tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bir yazar, yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 saattir oru\u00e7lu olan kaptan\u0131n kan \u015fekeri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ilgili olarak \u00e7ok say\u0131da hata yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; u\u00e7u\u015f i\u00e7in %100 fit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; CAA\u2019n\u0131n orucu yasaklamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini yazd\u0131 (3).<\/p>\n D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n 1. Hindistan\u2019da \u0130slami bir televizyon yazar\u0131, vaiz ve hatip olan Dr. Zakir Naik; uzun menzilli u\u00e7u\u015flarda seferi say\u0131l\u0131p oru\u00e7 tutmaman\u0131n sorun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak sonra kaza edilmesi gerekti\u011fini; 2 saatlik gibi k\u0131sa u\u00e7u\u015flarda oru\u00e7 tutulabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi (10).<\/p>\n 2. Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri\u2019nin ilk astronotu Sultan el-Neyadi, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda 6 ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na uzaya (ISS) \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f; bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 Ramazan ay\u0131na denk geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in oru\u00e7 tutup tutmayaca\u011f\u0131 sorular\u0131na muhatap olmu\u015ftu. Neyadi, \u201cSeferi say\u0131l\u0131r\u0131m, b\u00f6yle durumlarda zorunlu de\u011fildir; bu nedenle oru\u00e7 tutmayabilirim\u201d demi\u015fti (11).<\/p>\n 3. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130slam \u00fclkesi olan Enonezya\u2019da Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k Direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tamimle orucun sa\u011fl\u0131k, performans ve kazalara etkileri konusunda bir dizi uyar\u0131 ve tavsiyelerde bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu yaz\u0131da, orucun metabolizmaya olumlu etkileri ba\u011flam\u0131nda, HDL kolesterol\u00fc artt\u0131r\u0131p LDL\u2019i azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc etkisi oldu\u011fu, baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde oru\u00e7lu olman\u0131n performans\u0131 azaltmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tersine inan\u00e7 ve itikad\u0131n performans art\u0131\u015f\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak genel bilimsel do\u011frular olarak da orucun; uyan\u0131kl\u0131k azalmas\u0131, yorgunluk art\u0131\u015f\u0131, huzursuzluk, miza\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fimi, bellek sorunlar\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7ta i\u015f performans\u0131nda azalma yapabilece\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (12).\u00a0 Endonezya Hava Kuvvetlerinde oru\u00e7lu pilotlara sabah saat 10’dan sonra u\u00e7u\u015f izni verilmedi\u011fi, u\u00e7u\u015f programlar\u0131n\u0131n iftar sonras\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir\u00a0 (13).<\/p>\n 4. Tayland\u2019da, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman pilotlar\u0131n oru\u00e7 tutmalar\u0131na izin verilmemektedir (14).<\/p>\n 5. Fas Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakan\u0131 Karim Ghellab, 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda sivil pilotlar\u0131n oru\u00e7 tutmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, orucun pilot performans\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz bi\u00e7imde etkiledi\u011finin bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla desteklendi\u011fini; ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 yolcular\u0131n ya\u015fam sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n onlar\u0131n omuzlar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu, (tutucu \u0130slami gruplar\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen) cesaretle s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti (15).<\/p>\n 6. Suudi Arabistan\u2019da Cidde Trafik M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, Ramazan\u2019da \u00f6zellikle iftar \u00f6ncesi saatlerde yollarda kaos ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, trafik kazalar\u0131n\u0131n %20 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti (16). Yemen\u2019de Sana \u015fehri Trafik Ofisi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc de 2007 y\u0131l\u0131 Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131nda trafik kazalar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu; bir haftada 97 kazada 7 \u00f6l\u00fc ve 66 yaral\u0131 kaydedildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (17). Trafikte ya\u015fanan bu olaylar\u0131n benzerleri havac\u0131l\u0131kta olmaz m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n 7. T\u00fcrk askeri havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r pilotlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev g\u00fcnlerinde oru\u00e7 tutmamalar\u0131 kural\u0131 uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Sivil kesimde ise baz\u0131 \u0130slam \u00fclkelerindekine benzer bir tavsiye, tamim veya k\u0131s\u0131tlama olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Din \u0130\u015fleri Y\u00fcksek Kurulu\u2019ndan yap\u0131lan resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamada (Bakara suresi referans al\u0131narak), \u2018oru\u00e7 tutmamay\u0131 mubah k\u0131lan mazeretler\u2019 listesi yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fta hastal\u0131k, yolculuk, gebelik, emzirme ve ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k halleri olmak \u00fczere, zor ve me\u015fakkatli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131ndan endi\u015fe eden ki\u015filerin (sonra kaza etmek ya da fidye vermek ko\u015fuluyla) oru\u00e7tan muaf olduklar\u0131 duyurulmu\u015ftur (18). U\u00e7u\u015f ve yer ekiplerinin de bu kapsamda oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n SON S\u00d6ZLER<\/strong><\/p>\n Orucun maneviyata iyi geldi\u011fi, do\u011frudur; ama (ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye farklar olsa da) bili\u015fsel ve fiziksel performans\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ektir. Allah\u0131yla yak\u0131nla\u015fma, hu\u015f\u00fb, derin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, meditasyon modundaki insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 manevi huzur; bir \u00e7e\u015fit psikoterapi, psikolojik detoks ve il\u00e2h\u00ee banyo gibidir. Oru\u00e7 s\u00fcrecinde ya\u015fam\u0131n anlam\u0131, d\u00fcnyevi h\u0131rslar, haks\u0131zl\u0131klar ve yoksulluk gibi konular \u00fczerinde tefekk\u00fcr etme ve \u2018iyi insan\u2019 olma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6zele\u015ftiri yapma gibi g\u00fcd\u00fclenmeler ya\u015fanabilir. Ger\u00e7ekten de oru\u00e7 g\u00fcnlerinde baz\u0131 ki\u015filerin daha pozitif (ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc, affedici, olgun, yard\u0131msever) davrand\u0131klar\u0131 ve g\u00fczelle\u015ftikleri izlenir. Ancak dikkat ve psikomotor becerilerinin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren i\u015fler yapan ki\u015filerin oru\u00e7 tutmalar\u0131n\u0131n performans\u0131 olumsuz etkileyip etkilemedi\u011fine dair kayg\u0131lar da hep olmu\u015ftur. Tart\u0131\u015fmalar, orucun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, performans\u0131 ve kazalar\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fi \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Etik ve i\u015flevsel y\u00f6nleri olan sorular \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n – Kalp veya \u015feker hastas\u0131 ya da hamile bir insan oru\u00e7 tutarsa sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l etkilenir?<\/p>\n – M\u00fcsabakaya \u00e7\u0131kacak sporcular\u0131n, s\u0131nava haz\u0131rlanan \u00f6\u011frencilerin, kritik kararlar vermesi beklenen h\u00e2kim, komutan veya devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n oru\u00e7 tutmas\u0131 ne kadar do\u011frudur?<\/p>\n – Saatler boyu s\u00fcren kritik ameliyatlara giren doktorlar\u0131n; el becerileri, dikkat, alg\u0131, bellek, fark\u0131ndal\u0131k, karar verme, stres kontrol\u00fc ve tak\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme becerileri m\u00fckemmel olabilir mi? Bir yak\u0131n\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ya\u015famsal beyin veya kalp operasyonunu oru\u00e7lu bir ameliyat ekibinin yapmas\u0131ndan kayg\u0131 duymaz m\u0131y\u0131z?<\/p>\n – Bireysel bir ibadet farizas\u0131n\u0131n kamusal alanda g\u00f6rev yaparken (az veya \u00e7ok d\u00fczeyde) komplikasyonlar yaratmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsa, bunun ertelenmesi gerekmez mi?<\/p>\n Kaynaklar<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n 1. Kamlesh Singh. Ji, Sir ji: Did PIA Flight 8303 crash because of Yes Sir culture? Daily O (May 31, 2020)<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 2. Mark Finlay. Can Muslim Pilots Observe Fasts During Ramadan? Simple Flying (Apr 25, 2023).<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 3. Amead Lone. Fasting Pilots Not 100% Fit. History of PIA (Jun 30, 2020).<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 4. Haroon Hayder. PIA Bans Pilots and Cabin Crew From Fasting in Ramadan. ProPakistani (Apr 2, 2022).<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 5. Asad Hashim. Pakistan plane crash that killed 98 blamed on \u2018human error.\u2019 El Jazeerea (24 Jun, 2020).<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 6. Haroon Hayder. PIA Bans Pilots and Cabin Crew From Fasting in Ramadan. ProPakistani (Apr 2, 2022).<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 7. Ramazan: Pia Pilots, Flight Crew Members Barred From Fasting. AryNews (Apr 2, 2022).<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 8. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=haBxjK70yt0<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 9.TIKLAYINIZ<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 10. Is a Pilot while Flying a Plane Exempted from Fasting? (26 Apr, 2021)\u00a0<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 11. wionews.com<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 12. Cultural perspectives on flight operations and the impact of Ramadan fasting on crew performance. (2012) Indonesian Directorate General of Civil Aviation.\u00a0<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 13. trthaber.com<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 14. 14<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 15. The view from Fez: Moroccon News #29 (Dec 20, 2006).<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 16. Saleh Fareed. Road accidents up 20 percent in Ramadan. Arab News JEDDAH, 2 Nov 2004.<\/i><\/p>\n 17. Yemen Observer (Sep 25, 2007) Traffic accidents on the rise in Ramadan.\u00a0<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.airkule.com\/images\/image\/20240329-Sajjad%20Gul.jpg\")
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