{"id":470,"date":"2012-07-08T13:12:21","date_gmt":"2012-07-08T10:12:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=470"},"modified":"2012-07-08T13:12:21","modified_gmt":"2012-07-08T10:12:21","slug":"kabinde-agresif-davranislar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=470","title":{"rendered":"Kabinde Agresif Davran\u0131\u015flar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Davran\u0131\u015f bozukluklar\u0131 her ortamda olabilir, ancak bir u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n kapal\u0131 kabin ortam\u0131nda oldu\u011funda durum biraz farkl\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 m\u00fcdahale imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu u\u00e7u\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 rahats\u0131z eden, can g\u00fcvenli\u011fini riske sokan agresif yolcular sivil havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zel bir ilgi alan\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Genellikle psikiyatrik hastalar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lan davran\u0131\u015f bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte psikiyatrik sorunu olmayan \u201cnormal<\/em>\u201d ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda, kurallara uymayan antisosyaller; sayg\u0131s\u0131z, ma\u00e7o veya l\u00fcmpen ki\u015filer; alkol ve nikotin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131; bireysel veya ideolojik nedenlerle zor kullanan korsanlar olabilir.<\/p>\n

U\u00e7ak i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u0131kan her g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcy\u00fc agresif tutum veya \u015fiddet olarak nitelendirmek de do\u011fru de\u011fildir. U\u00e7u\u015f anksiyetesi, klostrofobi ve panik ya\u015fayan bir yolcu da huzursuzlanabilir, ama bu ba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in risk olu\u015fturmaz. Bu nedenle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan durumun; zarars\u0131z bir heyecan m\u0131, kontrols\u00fcz sald\u0131rganca bir davran\u0131\u015f m\u0131, yoksa bilin\u00e7li bir kurald\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutum mu oldu\u011funu ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak ve bu kategoriler i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir. FAA, havayolu yolcular\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddet davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlarken, \u201cu\u00e7u\u015f ekibine ve\/veya yolculara g\u00f6sterilen agresif tutumlar<\/em>\u201d ile, \u201cu\u00e7u\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehdit etme potansiyelini<\/em>\u201d kriter olarak almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tetikleyici durumlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

U\u00e7ak i\u00e7i davran\u0131\u015f bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 tamamen yolcunun patolojisine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, ancak baz\u0131lar\u0131 da tetikleyici durumlar\u0131n sonucu olabilir: U\u00e7u\u015f gecikmeleri, u\u00e7a\u011fa al\u0131n\u0131rken ya\u015fanan karga\u015fa, koltuklar\u0131n dar ve k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bunalt\u0131, kabinin fazla s\u0131cak, havas\u0131z veya g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131, yemek tercihindeki sorunlar, WC s\u0131ras\u0131, vs. Agresif davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 tetikleyen nedenlerin en yayg\u0131n\u0131 sarho\u015fluktur. Olaylar\u0131n en az yar\u0131s\u0131nda sald\u0131rgan yolcular alkoll\u00fc bulunmu\u015ftur. Baz\u0131 agresif yolcular\u0131n ila\u00e7 (drug) kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da nikotin yoksunlu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 kurallar\u0131 zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/strong>KLM raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, u\u00e7ak tuvaletinde sigara i\u00e7meyle ilgili bildirilen olay say\u0131s\u0131 y\u0131lda 1,400 olup, rapor edilmeyenlerle birlikte bu say\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha fazla oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kriz y\u00f6netimi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir kriz do\u011fdu\u011funda lisan anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsa, agresif davranan yolcu ile m\u00fcdahale etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar farkl\u0131 dilleri konu\u015fuyorlarsa problem karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015fabilir. Keza ki\u015finin t\u0131bbi \u00f6zge\u00e7mi\u015finin (hastal\u0131k, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k, kullanmakta oldu\u011fu ila\u00e7lar, vs) bilinmemesi de m\u00fcdahalede zorluk yaratabilir. Yer merkezlerinden \u00f6neri alma imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 varsa i\u015fler biraz kolayla\u015fabilir. Kaptan taraf\u0131ndan yard\u0131ma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lan hekimler \u00e7o\u011fu zaman g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yolculardan destek al\u0131rlar; ancak baz\u0131 yolcular\u0131n abart\u0131l\u0131-histerik tepkileri (a\u011flama, titreme, bay\u0131lma), baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da i\u015fg\u00fczarca gereksiz sertlik veya kahramanca (!) atakl\u0131k g\u00f6sterisi yapmalar\u0131 olay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilir, tehlikeyi artt\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck havayolu \u015firketleri, agresif ve itaatsiz yolculara kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l davran\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konusunda u\u00e7u\u015f ekiplerine e\u011fitim verirler. Bu e\u011fitimin temel bilgilerinden birisi, u\u00e7a\u011fa bini\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda alkoll\u00fc oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclen ki\u015filere u\u00e7akta istese de alkol verilmeyece\u011fidir. Kriz y\u00f6netiminde liderin rol\u00fc \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir; u\u00e7aktaki lider kaptan pilot olmakla birlikte, bir yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131na veya tecr\u00fcbeli bir hekime g\u00f6rev verebilir. Agresifle\u015fen veya \u015fiddet tutumu g\u00f6steren yolculara sert davran\u0131\u015f en son \u00e7aredir; olabildi\u011fince sakin ve dost\u00e7a konu\u015fup, teskin ve ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00f6ncelikli tutum olmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6yle davranmaya devam ederse ini\u015fte polise teslim edilip mahkemeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n acil ini\u015f yapmas\u0131 halinde kendisine bir para cezas\u0131 fatura edilece\u011fi gibi bilgiler verilebilir. Rahatlamas\u0131na yarayacak bir ila\u00e7 da \u00f6nerilebilir, ama \u00e7o\u011fu agresif ki\u015fi bunu kabul etmez. Gerek ba\u015fka yolcular\u0131n ve gerekse u\u00e7u\u015fun tehlikeye girece\u011finin anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015famada lider fiziksel m\u00fcdahale karar\u0131 verir. Baz\u0131 sedatif ila\u00e7lar\u0131n alerji, solunum yava\u015flamas\u0131 ve tansiyon d\u00fc\u015fmesi gibi yan etkileri olabilir. Alkol ve madde yoksunluk sendromlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 uyan\u0131k olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hasta tespit alt\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre kalacaksa tuvalet ve beslenme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsidans<\/strong><\/p>\n

FAA kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re her y\u0131l bu kapsamda 200-300 olay rapor edilmektedir. \u0130ngiltere Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k Otoritesi, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle her 870 u\u00e7u\u015ftan 1\u2032inde yolculardan gelen bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; ancak ciddi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck sald\u0131r\u0131 oran\u0131n\u0131n 18 binde 1 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 olaylar\u0131n t\u0131bbi \u00fcniteler yerine adli mercilere sevk edilmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ger\u00e7ek rakamlar bilinmemekle birlikte, (FAA\u2019n\u0131n 1998 istatistiklerine g\u00f6re) Amerika\u2019da u\u00e7ak i\u00e7i acil t\u0131bbi durumlar\u0131n %3,5-15\u2032i psikiyatrik vakalard\u0131r. Olaylar\u0131n %8\u2032inde en yak\u0131n meydana ini\u015f (diversion) tercih edilmektedir. Bu t\u00fcr acil ini\u015flere neden olan ki\u015filerin %49\u2032u psikiyatrik olgulard\u0131r ve hemen hepsi bir hastaneye g\u00f6nderilmektedir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fceyyideler<\/strong><\/p>\n

U\u00e7u\u015f g\u00f6revlilerine sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunan ki\u015filere en a\u011f\u0131r cezalar ABD yasalar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 20 y\u0131la kadar hapis; e\u011fer silah kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapistir.<\/p>\n

Haz\u0131rlayan<\/strong>:<\/strong> Do\u00e7. Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Davran\u0131\u015f bozukluklar\u0131 her ortamda olabilir, ancak bir u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n kapal\u0131 kabin ortam\u0131nda oldu\u011funda durum biraz farkl\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 m\u00fcdahale imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu u\u00e7u\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 rahats\u0131z eden, can g\u00fcvenli\u011fini riske sokan agresif yolcular sivil havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zel bir ilgi alan\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Genellikle psikiyatrik hastalar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lan davran\u0131\u015f bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte psikiyatrik sorunu olmayan \u201cnormal\u201d ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda, kurallara uymayan antisosyaller; sayg\u0131s\u0131z, ma\u00e7o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulten"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=470"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":472,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/470\/revisions\/472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}