{"id":494,"date":"2012-07-14T10:26:52","date_gmt":"2012-07-14T07:26:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=494"},"modified":"2012-07-14T10:26:52","modified_gmt":"2012-07-14T07:26:52","slug":"kus-kazalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=494","title":{"rendered":"Ku\u015f Kazalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\"\"<\/a>Son 20 y\u0131lda ku\u015f \u00e7arpmas\u0131 nedeniyle sivil u\u00e7u\u015flarda 18 b\u00fcy\u00fck kaza meydana geldi ve 200 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1.<\/strong> Ekim 1960: Bug\u00fcne kadar ku\u015flar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu en b\u00fcy\u00fck kaza, Eastern Airlines\u2019a ait Lockheed L-188 Electra tipi u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n Boston Logan Havaalan\u0131\u2019ndan kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131. U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n 4 motoru da i\u00e7ine ku\u015flar\u0131n girmesi nedeniyle durdu ve u\u00e7ak 300 ft\u2019den denize \u00e7ak\u0131ld\u0131. 9 yolcu kurtulurken, 62 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Ku\u015flar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 sadece 80 gram oldu\u011fu halde say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok fazla olmas\u0131 ve motorun dizayn\u0131, motorlar\u0131n durmas\u0131na neden oldu.
\n2.<\/strong> 1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda United Airlines\u2019a ait Vickers Viscount tipi u\u00e7ak 6 bin ft\u2019te ku\u011fulara \u00e7arpt\u0131. U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n kuyruk kanat\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 koptu, kontrol kayboldu ve d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 17 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc.
\n3.<\/strong> Temmuz 1962: DC-8 tipi bir u\u00e7ak Lahor \u00fczerindeyken bir kartal cam\u0131 par\u00e7alayarak kokpite girdi. 5,5 kilo a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki ku\u015fun \u00e7arpmas\u0131 sonucu pilotlardan biri \u00f6ld\u00fc, di\u011feri yaraland\u0131.
\n4.<\/strong> 12 Kas\u0131m 1975: Overseas National Airlines\u2019a ait bir DC-10 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 139 yolcusuyla JFK New York\u2019tan kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mart\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne girdi. 3 numaral\u0131 motor yanarak patlad\u0131 ve kanattaki yak\u0131t depolar\u0131 alev ald\u0131. Kalk\u0131\u015ftan vazge\u00e7en u\u00e7ak durduktan sonra k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede tamamen yand\u0131. U\u00e7aktakilerin hepsinin havayolu personeli olmas\u0131 sayesinde u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda sadece 11 ki\u015fi hafif yaraland\u0131. 5.<\/strong> 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1988: Habe\u015fistan\u2019da Bahar Dar Havaalan\u0131\u2019ndan kalkan bir Boeing 737-200\u2032nin her 2 motoruna da g\u00fcvercinler girdi. 2 motoru da ar\u0131zalanan u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n pilotlar\u0131 havaalan\u0131ndan 10 km uzaktaki b\u00f6lgede yere acil ini\u015f yapmak istedi. \u0130ni\u015fte dere yata\u011f\u0131na giren u\u00e7ak yanarak par\u00e7aland\u0131 104 yolcudan 21 ki\u015fi yaralan\u0131rken, 35 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc.
\n6.<\/strong> 26 Ekim 1992: Calgary International Havaliman\u0131\u2019na ini\u015fe ge\u00e7en bir KLM B-747 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 Kanada\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 etmekte olan kaz s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne dald\u0131. Olay tam ini\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan u\u00e7ak normal bir \u015fekilde indi.
\n7.<\/strong> 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD Hava Kuvvetlerine ait bir AWACS u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n motorlar\u0131na kazlar\u0131n girmesi sonucu u\u00e7ak d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, 24 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc.
\n8.<\/strong> 9 Ocak 1998: Houston\u2019dan kalkan Delta Airlines\u2019a ait B-727 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, 6 bin ft\u2019de Kanada\u2019dan g\u00fcneye g\u00f6\u00e7 eden kaz s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne girdi. Her 3 motoru, slatleri, radar radomu ve pitot t\u00fcpleri hasar g\u00f6rmesine ra\u011fmen motorlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etti. U\u00e7ak salimen yere indi.
\n9.<\/strong> 29 Nisan 2007: Manchester\u2019den kalkan Boeing 757-200 Thomson Fly u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f motoruna giren ku\u015flar motorun hasar g\u00f6rmesine neden oldu. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir patlama ve ard\u0131ndan gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir alev k\u00fcmesi \u00e7\u0131karan motor pilotlar taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131larak kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 meydana 221 yolcusuyla salimen geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.
\n10.<\/strong> 10 Kas\u0131m 2008: Ryanair\u2019in Boeing 737-800 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, Roma\u2019daki Ciampino Havaalan\u0131\u2019na ini\u015f i\u00e7in al\u00e7al\u0131rken u\u00e7a\u011fa ve motorlar\u0131na ku\u015flar \u00e7arpt\u0131. Pilotlar acil ini\u015fi biraz sert\u00e7e yaparak, pist sonuna do\u011fru ancak durabildi. U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n sol ini\u015f tak\u0131m\u0131 dikmelerinin kanad\u0131 par\u00e7alay\u0131p ge\u00e7erken yak\u0131t tanklar\u0131n\u0131 delmemesi ve sol motorun pistte k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar \u00e7\u0131kartarak s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fi halde yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fanst\u0131. U\u00e7ak pistte durur durmaz hava yast\u0131klar\u0131ndan kayarak u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 terk eden yolculardan yaralanan olmad\u0131.
\n11.<\/strong> 15 Ocak 2009: Kuzey Carolina\u2019ya gitmek \u00fczere New York LaGuardia Havaalan\u0131\u2019ndan havalanan US Airways\u2019e ait Airbus A 320 tipi u\u00e7ak, kalk\u0131\u015ftan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra kaz s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne girdi. U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n her iki motorunda da birbiri ard\u0131na meydana gelen patlamalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. U\u00e7ak bu s\u0131rada 3 bin ft irtifada bulunuyordu. Pilotlar yak\u0131ndaki bir havaalan\u0131na inmeye niyetlendilerse de, bunun imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011funu anlay\u0131nca Hudson Nehri\u2019ne inmeyi pl\u00e2nlad\u0131lar. Kuleye durumu rapor ettikten sonra yolculara da emercensi ini\u015f bilgisi verdiler. Yolculardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cTanr\u0131m g\u00fcnahlar\u0131m\u0131 affet\u201d bi\u00e7iminde dua ettikleri bildirildi. Civardaki g\u00f6kdelenlerden olay\u0131 izleyenler, ini\u015fin aynen \u201cpiste iner gibi\u201d kontroll\u00fc ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylediler. Uzun s\u00fcre batmadan su \u00fcst\u00fcnde kalan u\u00e7akta kap\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, yolcular acil ini\u015f hava yast\u0131klar\u0131 ve kanat \u00fcst\u00fc emercensi exit\u2019leri kullan\u0131larak tahliye edildi. O s\u0131rada bir yolcu vapuru da kurtarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Helikopterle kaza yerine indirilen dalg\u0131\u00e7lar, buz gibi suya d\u00fc\u015fen 2 kad\u0131n yolcuyu kurtard\u0131. Kaptan pilot Chesly B. Sullenberger<\/strong> denizcilik kurallar\u0131na uygun bi\u00e7imde, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7indeki diz boyu y\u00fckselen suya ve her an batma ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131n u\u00e7akta yolcu kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na emin olmak i\u00e7in kabini 2 kez kontrol ettikten sonra u\u00e7aktan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. 146 yolcu ve 5 m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n kurtuldu\u011fu kazada u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n nehre bat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kaptan pilot bir tekneden izledi. Amerikan Hava Kuvvetlerinde F-4 pilotu olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131ktan sonra emekli olan ve 1980 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren sivil havac\u0131l\u0131kta g\u00f6rev yapan kaptan pilot Sullenberger Amerika\u2019da kahraman ilan edildi ve kendisine senat\u00f6rl\u00fck teklif edildi. \u0130kinci pilotun, \u00e7arpmadan biraz \u00f6nce kaz s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc fark ederek, \u201cne m\u00fckemmel bir V u\u00e7u\u015fu de\u011fil mi?\u201d dedi\u011fi, Kaptan\u2019\u0131n 19,663; ikinci pilotun 15,643 saatlik u\u00e7u\u015f tecr\u00fcbesi oldu\u011fu yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Toplam u\u00e7u\u015f deneyimleri 92 y\u0131l olan 3 ki\u015filik kabin ekibi ise so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131kla yolcular\u0131n can yele\u011fi giymesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu, kap\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131nca panikle birbirlerini ezmeden tahliyelerine yard\u0131m ettiler.<\/p>\n

FAA Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, Raporlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

FAA, Amerika\u2019da ku\u015flar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu havac\u0131l\u0131k kazalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131lda 600 milyon dolarl\u0131k masraf \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rapor ediyor. Yaln\u0131z 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hava Kuvvetleri 4.300, sivil havac\u0131l\u0131k 5.900 ku\u015f \u00e7arpmas\u0131 rapor etmi\u015f. Ku\u015f \u00e7arpmalar\u0131: %40 kalk\u0131\u015fta, %10 ilk y\u00fckselmede, %13 son yakla\u015fmada, %35 ini\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda oluyor. Bir FAA ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, 1989-1991 aras\u0131nda 1.556 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 3.163.000 operasyon sonunda sadece 644 motora ku\u015f \u00e7arpmas\u0131 olay\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015f. Bu da, her 10.000 u\u00e7u\u015fta 2.04 olay<\/strong> demektir.<\/p>\n

Ku\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fclerinin kalabal\u0131k olmas\u0131 durumunda radarlar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyor; gerekli uyar\u0131lar ve rota de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yap\u0131l\u0131yor. U\u00e7aklar\u0131n g\u00f6vde, motor ve camlar\u0131 ku\u015f \u00e7arpmalar\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olarak tasarlanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck ku\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7arpmas\u0131 sonucu motorlar ile 6 cm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki kokpit camlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar g\u00f6rebiliyor. Ku\u015f \u00e7arpmas\u0131 neticesinde motordan kopan pallerin motor kaputunu delerek kabine girmesi veya kanattaki yak\u0131t tanklar\u0131na hasar vererek yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 ihtimali mevcuttur. \u015eimdiye kadar olan en y\u00fcksek irtifadaki ku\u015f \u00e7arpmas\u0131 39 bin ft\u2019de olmu\u015f; ku\u015fun cinsi bilinmiyor. Su ku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 ederken 10-20 bin ft y\u00fckseklikte u\u00e7tu\u011fu, di\u011fer t\u00fcrlerin ise genellikle 2.500 ft alt\u0131nda u\u00e7tuklar\u0131, kazlar\u0131n Himalaya da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n bile \u00fcst\u00fcnden u\u00e7arak g\u00f6\u00e7 etti\u011fi biliniyor.<\/p>\n

-Ku\u015f \u00e7arpma kazas\u0131 e\u011fer u\u00e7ak kalkarken olmu\u015fsa u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fcp ayn\u0131 havaalan\u0131na inmesi, -e\u011fer depolar\u0131 doluysa- fazla yak\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 yere bo\u015faltt\u0131ktan sonra m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabiliyor. Mesela Uzakdo\u011fu\u2019ya gitmek i\u00e7in Los Angeles\u2019ten kalkan bir B-747-400 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 geri d\u00f6nmek isterse tam 83 ton yak\u0131t\u0131 Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019na d\u00f6kmek zorunda. Bu durum kara \u00fczeri u\u00e7u\u015flarda oldu\u011funda, yak\u0131t\u0131n \u015fehirlerin, ormanlar\u0131n ve insanlar\u0131n \u00fczerine d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi gerekmekte.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nlemler:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Asya ile Afrika aras\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131 ku\u015f tehdidini de art\u0131r\u0131yor. Bunun i\u00e7in her havaalan\u0131nda \u00f6zel g\u00f6revliler var ve ellerindeki imk\u00e2nlara g\u00f6re bu ku\u015flar\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.
\nU\u00e7u\u015f kontrol kulesindeki g\u00f6revliler, hava trafi\u011fi kadar bu ku\u015flar\u0131n da hareketlerini g\u00f6zlemlemek ve tehlike yaratanlar\u0131 da yerdeki g\u00f6revlilere ve pilotlara bildirmek zorunda\u2026
\nD\u00fcnyadaki bir\u00e7ok havaliman\u0131nda ku\u015flarla m\u00fccadelede do\u011fal y\u00f6ntemlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra teknoloji de kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6zel e\u011fitimli y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ku\u015flar, u\u00e7aklar\u0131n ini\u015f ve kalk\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131na yakla\u015fan di\u011fer ku\u015flar\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle askeri alanlarda silahl\u0131 timler g\u00f6rev yaparken, keskin ni\u015fanc\u0131lar tehlike olu\u015fturan ku\u015flar\u0131 avl\u0131yor. Zaman zaman da helikopter u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131yla ku\u015flar \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcp, uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca ku\u015flar\u0131 korkutmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel ses ve \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 sistemler de deneniyor. Ancak ku\u015flar\u0131n zamanla bu seslere de al\u0131\u015f\u0131p, tepki vermedikleri g\u00f6zleniyor.<\/p>\n

THY\u2019nin Ku\u015f Olaylar\u0131<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

13 Eyl\u00fcl 2008 <\/strong>g\u00fcn\u00fc <\/strong>saat 20.20\u2032de \u0130stanbul-Adana seferini yapmak \u00fczere \u0130stanbul\u2019dan havalanan TK 471 sefer say\u0131l\u0131 Boeing-738 tipi yolcu u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 Adana\u2019ya ini\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131rada \u00f6n taraf\u0131na ku\u015f \u00e7arpt\u0131; futbol topu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde delik olu\u015ftu. Panik ya\u015fayan yolcular, pilot ve hostesler taraf\u0131ndan sakinle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

26 Ocak 2009:<\/strong> \u0130stanbul – Kopenhag seferini yapan Airbus 321 tipi yolcu u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 (TK 1783) 142 yolcusu ile sabah saat 10.30\u2032da Atat\u00fcrk Havaliman\u0131\u2019ndan kalkt\u0131. U\u00e7ak kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra mart\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne girdi. Kaptan pilot U\u00e7u\u015f Kontrol Kulesi\u2019ne teknik bir ar\u0131za oldu\u011funu belirterek geri d\u00f6nece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. U\u00e7ak, Atat\u00fcrk Havaliman\u0131\u2019na tek motorla acil ini\u015f yapt\u0131; yaralanan olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Son 20 y\u0131lda ku\u015f \u00e7arpmas\u0131 nedeniyle sivil u\u00e7u\u015flarda 18 b\u00fcy\u00fck kaza meydana geldi ve 200 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc. 1. Ekim 1960: Bug\u00fcne kadar ku\u015flar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu en b\u00fcy\u00fck kaza, Eastern Airlines\u2019a ait Lockheed L-188 Electra tipi u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n Boston Logan Havaalan\u0131\u2019ndan kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131. U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n 4 motoru da i\u00e7ine ku\u015flar\u0131n girmesi nedeniyle durdu ve u\u00e7ak 300 ft\u2019den denize \u00e7ak\u0131ld\u0131. 9 yolcu kurtulurken, 62 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulten"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/494","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=494"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/494\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":496,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/494\/revisions\/496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}