{"id":525,"date":"2012-07-14T10:55:07","date_gmt":"2012-07-14T07:55:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=525"},"modified":"2012-07-14T10:55:07","modified_gmt":"2012-07-14T07:55:07","slug":"havacilikta-gurultu-ve-vibrasyon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=525","title":{"rendered":"Havac\u0131l\u0131kta g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve vibrasyon"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/gurultu.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-526\" title=\"gurultu\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/gurultu.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"260\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/gurultu.jpg 260w, https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/gurultu-73x55.jpg 73w, https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/gurultu-60x45.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><\/a>G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc<\/strong>, en k\u0131sa tan\u0131m\u0131yla istenmeyen ve rahats\u0131zl\u0131k verici seslerdir. Rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirleyen unsurlar ise, sesin \u015fiddeti, frekans\u0131 ve s\u00fcresidir. 80-90 dB ve \u00fczeri \u015fiddetteki sesler, s\u00fcreyle orant\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kulaklara fiziksel ve fizyolojik olarak zarar verir. Bina camlar\u0131n\u0131 bile k\u0131ran \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli, patlay\u0131c\u0131 ve darbeli seslerde akustik travmalar ve kulak zar\u0131 y\u0131rt\u0131lmalar\u0131 olabilir; y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren kronik g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ise i\u015fitme kay\u0131plar\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc zihinsel i\u015flevleri ve psikolojiyi de bozabilir ve bu bozulma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u015fiddetteki seslerle bile olu\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn zararlar\u0131: <\/strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f ya\u015famda ula\u015f\u0131m, ticaret, end\u00fcstri, teknoloji ve e\u011flence sekt\u00f6rleri ya\u015fam kalitemizi y\u00fckseltmekte, ama sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozan g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkileri 3 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>1. \u0130\u015fitme organ\u0131na etkileri: Fizik ve fizyolojik bozukluklar i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131r 85 dB\u2019dir. 130-140 dB \u015fiddetindeki g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcler akustik travma yarat\u0131r; kulak a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, kulak zar\u0131 y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7\u0131nlama, i\u00e7 kulak sinirsel tip kal\u0131c\u0131 i\u015fitme kayb\u0131 yapar.<\/li>\n<li>2. Fizyolojik ve t\u0131bbi etkiler: \u00c7arp\u0131nt\u0131, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fckselmesi, g\u00f6z k\u0131rpma art\u0131\u015f\u0131, metabolizma ve hormon dengesi bozulmalar\u0131, mide salg\u0131s\u0131 azalmas\u0131, \u00fclser, kas gerginli\u011fi, damar b\u00fcz\u00fclmesi, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, migren, yorgunluk. Mutlaka yasaklanmas\u0131 gereken g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 150 dB ve \u00fcst\u00fcd\u00fcr. Vestib\u00fcl\u00fcn etkilenmesi denge bozuklu\u011fu, bulant\u0131 ve kusma yaratabilir.<\/li>\n<li>3. Zihinsel ve psikolojik bozukluklar: G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn korku, stres, dikkatsizlik, bellek ve alg\u0131 kusurlar\u0131, unutkanl\u0131k, konsantrasyon bozuklu\u011fu, uykusuzluk, yorgunluk, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc kayb\u0131, agresyon, iritabilite, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ve verim azalmas\u0131, hata art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve kazalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda fikir birli\u011fi vard\u0131r. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn, okudu\u011funu anlama, dil \u00f6\u011frenme, cevap s\u00fcresi, problem \u00e7\u00f6zme ve matematik beceriler gibi i\u015flevler \u00fczerine olan olumsuz etkileri bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ortak sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>4. <\/strong>\u0130leti\u015fim bozukluklar\u0131: Havac\u0131l\u0131kta ekibin kokpitte birbirleriyle, di\u011fer u\u00e7aklarla ve yer merkezleriyle ileti\u015fimi g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc nedeniyle ileri derecede bozulabilir; harici seslerin konu\u015fma veya sinyalleri maskelemesi nedeniyle hi\u00e7 anla\u015famama veya yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 kazalar bile olabilir. <strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Havac\u0131l\u0131kta G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc: <\/strong>Havac\u0131l\u0131ktaki g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca kaynaklar\u0131, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n motorlar\u0131ndan, bas\u0131n\u00e7lama, havaland\u0131rma ve hidrolik sistemlerinden gelen sesler; h\u0131z artt\u0131k\u00e7a u\u00e7ak g\u00f6vdesi ile havan\u0131n s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesinden kaynaklanan sesler; aprondaki di\u011fer ara\u00e7lar\u0131n, jenerat\u00f6rlerin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sesler ve kokpitte radyo-telefon gibi ara\u00e7lar\u0131n sesleridir. En yo\u011fun g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc problemi y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 sava\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131 ile pervaneli u\u00e7aklarda ve helikopterlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7evrede yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kalk\u0131\u015f, ini\u015f, al\u00e7ak u\u00e7u\u015f ve (askeri havac\u0131l\u0131kta) at\u0131\u015f g\u00f6revleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar; u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n tipine ve mesafeye g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmekle birlikte 120-160 dB, sivil havac\u0131l\u0131kta 70 dB civar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcden korunma, \u00f6nlem ve \u00f6neriler: <\/strong>G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve vibrasyon ba\u011flam\u0131nda havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en talihsiz grubu olan helikopter ekiplerinin y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde i\u015fitme kay\u0131plar\u0131na u\u011frama olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. Bireysel planda do\u011fru tutum, kulak t\u0131ka\u00e7lar\u0131 ve koruyucu te\u00e7hizat kullanmalar\u0131, radyo-telefon kulakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ses vol\u00fcmlerini azaltmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>V\u0130BRASYON<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dinamik sistemlerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131, periyodik veya aperiyodik hareketlerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 titre\u015fimler vibrasyon olarak isimlendirilir. Bu titre\u015fimler, \u00fczerinde veya i\u00e7inde bulunulan arac\u0131n taban\u0131ndan veya oturma par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan v\u00fccuda yay\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi, kuvvetli ses dalgalar\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde hava yoluyla da gelebilir. Havac\u0131l\u0131kta vibrasyonun kaynaklar\u0131, u\u00e7ak motorundan, hava bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 aletlerden ve jenerat\u00f6rden gelen titre\u015fimlerdir. Ayr\u0131ca akseleratif hareketler ve t\u00fcrbulans da vibrasyon yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Vibrasyonun v\u00fccuda etkileri: <\/strong>120 dB \u00fcst\u00fc ve y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluklu sesler dokularda vibrasyon yarat\u0131r. 1,5-2 Hz d\u00fczeyinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck amplit\u00fcdl\u00fc kaba vibrasyonda bile alet okuma, g\u00f6sterge izleme, motor aktivite ve kumanda vermede zorluk ve hata art\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00f6zlerde hareketin tersi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde telafi edici g\u00f6z hareketleri olu\u015fmakta; vibrasyon artt\u0131k\u00e7a bulant\u0131, ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesi, kulak \u00e7\u0131nlamas\u0131, cilt yanmas\u0131, salya art\u0131\u015f\u0131, terleme, ba\u015f-bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcste bas\u0131n\u00e7-t\u0131kanma hissi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. 30-40 Hz d\u00fczeyinde, g\u00f6z k\u00fcrelerinin rezonansa u\u011framas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00f6rsel odaklanma imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015f\u0131r. Uzun s\u00fcreli ve \u015fiddetli vibrasyon, s\u0131rt a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131, bo\u011fulma hissi, nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131,hiperventilasyon yarat\u0131r. Helikopter pilotlar\u0131nda vibrasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 <strong>s\u0131rt a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong> olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Kronik vibrasyon eklemlerde sertle\u015fme de yapabilir. Vibrasyonun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisi de, ellerdeki kan ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131, renk solmas\u0131 ve a\u011fr\u0131d\u0131r: <em>Vibratory-Induced White Finger Syndrome<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Vibrasyondan korunma: <\/strong>G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve vibrasyondan etkilenenler sadece pilotlar ve u\u00e7u\u015f ekipleri de\u011fildir. Yer ekipleri, havaalan\u0131 idari personeli, kule g\u00f6revlileri, yolcular ve havaalan\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda ikamet eden insanlar da g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve vibrasyona \u00e7e\u015fitli derecede maruz kalabilirler.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vibrasyondan korunma b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde teknik bir konudur. U\u00e7ak motorlar\u0131n\u0131n sofistikasyonu, vibrasyonu v\u00fccuda ileten zemin ve koltuk oturma par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n titre\u015fim emici \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Hava yoluyla gelen g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye ba\u011fl\u0131 vibroakustik enerjiden korunmak i\u00e7in de yal\u0131t\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 faydal\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Haz\u0131rlayan<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Do\u00e7. Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, en k\u0131sa tan\u0131m\u0131yla istenmeyen ve rahats\u0131zl\u0131k verici seslerdir. Rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirleyen unsurlar ise, sesin \u015fiddeti, frekans\u0131 ve s\u00fcresidir. 80-90 dB ve \u00fczeri \u015fiddetteki sesler, s\u00fcreyle orant\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kulaklara fiziksel ve fizyolojik olarak zarar verir. Bina camlar\u0131n\u0131 bile k\u0131ran \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli, patlay\u0131c\u0131 ve darbeli seslerde akustik travmalar ve kulak zar\u0131 y\u0131rt\u0131lmalar\u0131 olabilir; y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren kronik g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ise i\u015fitme kay\u0131plar\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulten"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=525"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":527,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/525\/revisions\/527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}