{"id":546,"date":"2012-07-15T11:06:00","date_gmt":"2012-07-15T08:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=546"},"modified":"2012-07-15T11:06:00","modified_gmt":"2012-07-15T08:06:00","slug":"denizcilikte-crm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=546","title":{"rendered":"Denizcilikte CRM"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"<\/a>Deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 end\u00fcstrisinde son 40 y\u0131lda radikal de\u011fi\u015fimler oldu; 1960-1980 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tanker ve kuru y\u00fck gemileri 5 kat b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc, daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcmekte. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ekip say\u0131s\u0131 1\/2 – 1\/3 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131. Rekabet nedeniyle m\u00fcrettebat maliyetlerini azaltmak zorunlu hale geldi. Eskiden gemilerin limanlara y\u00fck bo\u015faltmalar\u0131 haftalar s\u00fcrerken, art\u0131k saatler i\u00e7inde bo\u015faltma i\u015flemleri bitmekte\u2026 Bu, yeni teknik imkanlar kadar, liman idaresinde koordinasyon ile de ilgilidir. Yani limanlarda ve a\u00e7\u0131k denizlerde daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da gemi, daha iyi bir koordinasyon i\u00e7inde, daha az say\u0131da personel ile y\u00f6netilir duruma geldi.<\/div>\n
\n

CRM ba\u011flam\u0131nda havac\u0131l\u0131kla denizcili\u011fin farkl\u0131 yanlar\u0131<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

1. Denizcilikte de kazalar olmakla birlikte, havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re kaza riski \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Makine ar\u0131zalar\u0131, elektrik kesilmesi, motor durmas\u0131 gibi ciddi problemlerde bile ya\u015famsal kazalar azd\u0131r ve havac\u0131l\u0131ktaki gibi zaman darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde seri karar verme zorunlulu\u011fu pek olmaz.
\n2. Havac\u0131l\u0131kta al\u00e7ak irtifalarda, denizcilikte k\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131n seyirlerde daha \u00e7ok kaza olur.
\n3. Havac\u0131l\u0131kta u\u00e7ak tipleri de, u\u00e7ak idaresi usul \u00e7e\u015fidi de daha azd\u0131r; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k denizcilikte gemi tip ve y\u00f6netim usul \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r.
\n4. Bir geminin idaresinde, bir u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n y\u00f6netimine k\u0131yasla daha \u00e7ok ki\u015finin ayn\u0131 anda iyi performans g\u00f6stermesi gerekir. Gemilerde koordinasyonun \u00e7ok iyi olmas\u0131 gereken en \u00f6nemli iki yer, makine dairesi ve kaptan k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Havac\u0131l\u0131kta en \u00f6nemli koordinasyon kokpitteki birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi ve kule aras\u0131nda cereyan eder.
\n5. Denizcilikte \u00e7ok uluslu – \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar s\u00fcren bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi vard\u0131r. Gemilerin sahipleri \u00e7o\u011funlukla end\u00fcstrile\u015fmi\u015f zengin bat\u0131 \u00fclkeleri vatanda\u015f\u0131, ekiplerin \u00e7o\u011fu ise fakir 3. D\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri ile da\u011f\u0131lan Sovyet \u00fclkelerinin vatanda\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. Maliyeti azaltmak i\u00e7in tercih edilen bu insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ucuz elemanlard\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en global i\u015f\u00e7i pazar\u0131 denizcilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndedir. Farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u00f6klerden gelen, dil bilgileri ve mesleki kaliteleri yetersiz olan ekibin koordinasyonunu sa\u011flamak \u00e7ok zordur. Keza, gemiyle k\u0131y\u0131 \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda da dil ve ileti\u015fim sorunlar\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. CRM\u2019i bu zorluklar alt\u0131nda uygularken standart operasyon prosed\u00fcrleri (SOP) ve standart denizcilik s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri kullanmak olduk\u00e7a iyi sonu\u00e7 verir.
\n6. K\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131n yabanc\u0131 su ve limanlarda k\u0131lavuz kaptan almak gerekir. Bu ki\u015filer deniz, k\u0131y\u0131 ve limanlar\u0131 iyi tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, yerel dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcre hakim olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, deniz trafik personeliyle ve di\u011fer gemilerle daha iyi ileti\u015fim kurabilirler. K\u0131lavuz kaptan\u0131n g\u00f6revi sadece yol g\u00f6sterme ve tavsiyelerde bulunmakt\u0131r; ama baz\u0131lar\u0131 gemide otorite kurmak ve gemi y\u00f6netiminde hakim olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak gibi yanl\u0131\u015f tutumlar g\u00f6sterebilirler.<\/p>\n

\u0130yi bir CRM politikas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu sorunlar\u0131 fark etmek ve \u00e7\u00f6zmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\n

CRM ve profesyonel k\u00fclt\u00fcr<\/strong><\/p>\n

Denizcilikteki g\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan kurulu\u015f Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019d\u00fcr (IMO). Ancak gemiler, bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 (kay\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011fu) \u00fclkenin denizcilik kurallar\u0131na da uymak zorundad\u0131r. Bayrak kurallar\u0131 ile IMO kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uyumsuzluklar\u0131n\u0131 giderme s\u00fcreci yava\u015f i\u015flemektedir.
\nHavac\u0131l\u0131kta CRM y\u0131llard\u0131r rutin uygulamaya girmi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, denizcilikte hen\u00fcz deneme a\u015famas\u0131ndad\u0131r. En iyi uygulama y\u00fcksek s\u00fcratli katamaran feribotlarda olup, bunlar havac\u0131l\u0131ktan ithal edilmi\u015f CRM usulleri kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Sonu\u00e7ta, havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n denizcilikten \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi \u00e7ok \u015fey olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, son y\u0131llarda CRM ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6n\u00fc tersine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ama havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ok uluslu-\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ekip y\u00f6netimi konusunda denizcilikten \u00f6\u011frenecekleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynak :<\/strong> The Human Factor \u0130mplications for Flight Safety of Recent Developments in The Airline \u0130ndustry. A Research Study for the JAA. Final Report. 17 Aug 2001.<\/div>\n

\u00c7eviri :<\/strong> M. \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 end\u00fcstrisinde son 40 y\u0131lda radikal de\u011fi\u015fimler oldu; 1960-1980 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tanker ve kuru y\u00fck gemileri 5 kat b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc, daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcmekte. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ekip say\u0131s\u0131 1\/2 – 1\/3 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131. Rekabet nedeniyle m\u00fcrettebat maliyetlerini azaltmak zorunlu hale geldi. Eskiden gemilerin limanlara y\u00fck bo\u015faltmalar\u0131 haftalar s\u00fcrerken, art\u0131k saatler i\u00e7inde bo\u015faltma i\u015flemleri bitmekte\u2026 Bu, yeni teknik imkanlar kadar, liman idaresinde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulten"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=546"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":548,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/546\/revisions\/548"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}