{"id":704,"date":"2012-07-25T22:43:18","date_gmt":"2012-07-25T19:43:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=704"},"modified":"2012-07-25T22:43:18","modified_gmt":"2012-07-25T19:43:18","slug":"ucak-ici-acil-durumlarda-uygulanabilecek-basit-teknikler-ve-tibbi-manevralar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=704","title":{"rendered":"U\u00e7ak i\u00e7i acil durumlarda uygulanabilecek basit teknikler ve t\u0131bbi manevralar"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\"\"<\/a>ABD\u2019de 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda havayoluyla seyahat eden insan say\u0131s\u0131 600 milyon olup, 1980\u2019lerdeki say\u0131n\u0131n 2 kat\u0131d\u0131r. Her y\u0131l yolcu say\u0131s\u0131 da, yolcular aras\u0131ndaki engelli, hasta ve ya\u015fl\u0131 insan oran\u0131 da artmaktad\u0131r. Yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda hastalanan insanlar i\u00e7in u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n acilen en yak\u0131n meydana inmesi (diversion) \u00e7ok kolay olmayan, masrafl\u0131 ve zorda kal\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a ba\u015fvurulmayan bir yoldur. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu nedenlerle t\u0131bbi sorunlar olabildi\u011fince u\u00e7ak i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015famsal bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131kta t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalede bulunacak ki\u015filer, hata yapman\u0131n vicdani ve yasal korkular\u0131yla hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmamay\u0131 ye\u011fleyebilir ve hasta ki\u015filer bundan zarar g\u00f6rebilirler. Bu \u00e7ekingenli\u011fi gidermek \u00fczere, iyi niyetle yap\u0131lan bir t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalede kasti ihmal veya b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hata yoksa ceza davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir yasa y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konmu\u015ftur (Good Samaritan Law).<\/p>\n

U\u00e7ak i\u00e7i acil durumlarda, u\u00e7akta yolcu olarak bulunan hekimlerin deste\u011fini beklemek en iyisidir, ama bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015femedi\u011fi ko\u015fullarda m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n, hatta bilgili baz\u0131 yolcular\u0131n bile uygulayabilece\u011fi kolay t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale usulleri vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Heimlich Manevras\u0131: <\/strong>Bo\u011faz\u0131n bir \u015feyle t\u0131kanmas\u0131, bo\u011fulma ve nefes alamama (asthma) durumlar\u0131nda, hasta ki\u015finin g\u00f6bek \u00fcst\u00fcnden g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne do\u011fru bask\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun birka\u00e7 usul\u00fc vard\u0131r; 1. Nefesi t\u0131kanan ki\u015fiye arkadan sar\u0131l\u0131p yumruk yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eller g\u00f6bek \u00fcst\u00fcnde kavu\u015fturularak yukar\u0131 kald\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, 2. Hasta s\u0131rt\u00fcst\u00fc yatarken g\u00f6bekten g\u00f6\u011fse do\u011fru bask\u0131 yapmak, 3. Hastan\u0131n g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs b\u00f6lgesinden bir sandalye veya koltu\u011fa dayat\u0131larak arkadan bask\u0131 yapmak. Bu uygulamalar, sa\u011fl\u0131k personeli olmayan ki\u015filerce de kolayca yap\u0131larak ki\u015finin nefes t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gidermede \u00e7ok etkili olur.<\/p>\n

Valsalva Manevras\u0131:<\/strong> \u00dcst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu olan ki\u015filerde \u00f6dem nedeniyle orta kula\u011fa hava giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 bozuldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n al\u00e7almas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kulak t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve a\u011fr\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 etkin bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Burun elle, bo\u011faz da \u015fi\u015firilerek kapat\u0131lmak suretiyle \u0131k\u0131nma ve zorlu nefes verme hareketi yap\u0131l\u0131r; kar\u0131n ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, t\u0131kal\u0131 olan \u00f6staki kanal\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arak orta kula\u011fa bir miktar hava girmesini sa\u011flar ve hastan\u0131n kulak a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bir anda rahatlat\u0131r. Burun ve glottis kapal\u0131 iken a\u011f\u0131z ve bo\u011faz taban\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131 (Frenzel manevras\u0131) <\/strong>ve burun kanatlar\u0131 parmakla s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rken yutkunma (Toynbee manevras\u0131)<\/strong> gibi versiyonlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

AEDs (Automatic External Defibrillators):<\/strong> Fibrilasyon, ta\u015fikardi ve kalp durmas\u0131 (arrest) durumlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bu cihazlar, elektrotlar\u0131 kalp b\u00f6lgesine temas ettirildi\u011finde, kalbin durdu\u011funu veya ya\u015famsal organlara kan pompalayamayacak kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 otomatik bi\u00e7imde alg\u0131layarak \u015fok ak\u0131m\u0131 vermektedir. Bu cihazlar\u0131n bulundurulmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck u\u00e7aklarda rutine girmi\u015ftir ve hekim veya hem\u015firenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, kurs g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f u\u00e7u\u015f ekibi taraf\u0131ndan, yerdeki hekim y\u00f6nlendirmesiyle kullan\u0131labilmektedir. \u0130lk 8 dakika i\u00e7inde bu cihaz\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 hastalar\u0131n % 40\u2019\u0131 i\u00e7in ya\u015fam kurtar\u0131c\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r (T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Sun Express Havayollar\u0131<\/strong> 11 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda AEDs vard\u0131r.)
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Haz\u0131rlayan:<\/strong> Do\u00e7. Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ABD\u2019de 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda havayoluyla seyahat eden insan say\u0131s\u0131 600 milyon olup, 1980\u2019lerdeki say\u0131n\u0131n 2 kat\u0131d\u0131r. Her y\u0131l yolcu say\u0131s\u0131 da, yolcular aras\u0131ndaki engelli, hasta ve ya\u015fl\u0131 insan oran\u0131 da artmaktad\u0131r. Yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda hastalanan insanlar i\u00e7in u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n acilen en yak\u0131n meydana inmesi (diversion) \u00e7ok kolay olmayan, masrafl\u0131 ve zorda kal\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a ba\u015fvurulmayan bir yoldur. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu nedenlerle t\u0131bbi sorunlar olabildi\u011fince u\u00e7ak i\u00e7inde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulten"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=704"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/704\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":707,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/704\/revisions\/707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}