{"id":979,"date":"2012-08-12T12:20:02","date_gmt":"2012-08-12T09:20:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=979"},"modified":"2012-08-12T12:20:02","modified_gmt":"2012-08-12T09:20:02","slug":"pilotlarin-ucusta-ani-tibbi-yetmezlik-durumlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=979","title":{"rendered":"Pilotlar\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015fta ani t\u0131bbi yetmezlik durumlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcrken veya istirahat esnas\u0131nda bile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek olan ani t\u0131bbi yetmezlik – ATY (inkapasitasyon) durumlar\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir pilotun ba\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde do\u011facak tehlikenin boyutu bireysel olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar, pilotun ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolcu say\u0131s\u0131ndan da fazla olabilir. Hatta yer ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ya\u015famsal olmayan ve basit m\u00fcdahalelerle yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilecek olan baz\u0131 t\u0131bbi problemler u\u00e7u\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda pilotu yetersizli\u011fe d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme ve a\u011f\u0131r kazalar\u0131n nedeni olabilme potansiyelindedirler. Bir\u00e7ok pilot bu rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 hissetti\u011finde tam veya k\u0131smi yetersizlik i\u00e7ine girer; ancak \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle kendini iyi g\u00f6sterme, kumanday\u0131 di\u011fer pilota devretmek istememe, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 emniyetle indirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma e\u011filimindedir. Bu gibi durumlarda kural, iki kez ayn\u0131 soruyu sordu\u011funda cevap alamayan 2. pilotun kumanday\u0131 almas\u0131d\u0131r. G\u0131da zehirlenmesi olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanan bir kural da, pilotlar\u0131n deniz mahsullerin yememeleri ve farkl\u0131 men\u00fcler almalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ATY nedeni olabilen hastal\u0131klar \u015funlard\u0131r : Kalp krizi,beyin kanamas\u0131, paralizi, epilepsi, pn\u00f6motoraks, kan \u015fekeri ve tansiyon y\u00fckselmesi \/ d\u00fc\u015fmesi durumlar\u0131, senkop, mide kanamas\u0131, f\u0131t\u0131k,varikosel,b\u00f6brek-safra ta\u015f\u0131 kolikleri, dekompresyon hastal\u0131klar\u0131, kulak-sin\u00fcs\u2013di\u015f a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131, migren,vertigo, hipoksi, ate\u015f, g\u0131da zehirlenmesi, bulant\u0131-kusma, ishal,u\u00e7ak tutmas\u0131, u\u00e7u\u015f korkusu, panik, kullan\u0131lan ila\u00e7lar\u0131n yan etkileri, jet-lag, yorgunluk, uyuklama,<\/p>\n

U\u00e7ucular\u0131n t\u0131bbi yetmezliklerine ait ilk raporlar balon u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131na aittir. 1808 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir baloncu u\u00e7u\u015fta beyin kanamas\u0131 ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, 1887 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 2 baloncu y\u00fcksek irtifa hipoksisi nedeniyle \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015flerdir. U\u00e7ak u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131na ait ilk ATY olgular\u0131 ise 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere ve ABD\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, biri kalp krizi di\u011feri de epilepsi ge\u00e7iren pilotlar kaza yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Amerikan Havayolu Pilotlar\u0131 Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (ALPA) 1955-66 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan istatistiklerine g\u00f6re, ATY nedeniyle lisanslar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden 891 pilotun ilk s\u0131rada yer alan rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 koroner kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ancak buradaki say\u0131lar ABD erkek n\u00fcfusunun kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 oran\u0131ndan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

1960-66 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan bir IATA (Uluslararas\u0131 Hava Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k Birli\u011fi) raporunda, pilotlar\u0131n \u00f6lmedi\u011fi ancak u\u00e7u\u015fta t\u0131bbi yetersizli\u011fe d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 42 olgu bildirilmi\u015ftir. 1961-68 periyoduna ait 17 olguluk bir raporda ise, bu pilotlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kalp krizi nedeniyle ATY ge\u00e7irdikleri, bunlar\u0131n 13\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn u\u00e7u\u015fun son safhas\u0131nda (yakla\u015fma, ini\u015f ve taksi) oldu\u011fu, 5\u2019 inin ise bu s\u0131rada \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

36 bin pilotun 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7indeki u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan bir ba\u015fka IATA ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda, t\u0131bbi yetersizlik ge\u00e7iren 26 olgunun analizinde, 10 enfarkt\u00fcs, 7 epileptik bay\u0131lma, 6 senkop ve 3 hipertansiyona ba\u011fl\u0131 beyin kanamas\u0131 olgular\u0131 rapor edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

ABD Hava Kuvvetlerinde 120 milyon saat u\u00e7u\u015f yap\u0131lan 1978-87 aras\u0131ndaki 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k periyotta, u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda ATY g\u00f6steren 23 olgu incelenmi\u015ftir. Bu olgular\u0131n 7\u2019si epileptik n\u00f6bet, 5\u2019i kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2\u2019si b\u00f6brek ta\u015f\u0131, 1\u2019i f\u0131t\u0131k, 1\u2019i apandisit, 1\u2019i pn\u00f6motoraks, 1\u2019i beyin iskemisi nedeniyle u\u00e7a\u011fa kumanda edemez hale gelmi\u015flerdir; u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda bilin\u00e7 kayb\u0131na u\u011frayanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 14, \u00f6lenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 3\u2019t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Pilot ve u\u00e7u\u015f m\u00fchendislerinin u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki ATY olaylar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma da Air France taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1968-1988 periyodunda u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n y\u00f6netiminde g\u00f6rev alan 1800 ki\u015finin tarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 10 olay\u0131n incelendi\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, 8 olayda birer ki\u015finin ve 2 olayda da t\u00fcm kabin personelinin t\u0131bbi yetersizli\u011fe d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu olaylarda iki pilot ta\u015fikardi, iki pilot epileptik n\u00f6bet, iki pilot mide kanamas\u0131 ge\u00e7irdikleri i\u00e7in inkapasitasyona girmi\u015fler, bir olayda kabin bas\u0131n\u00e7lama hatas\u0131, bir di\u011ferinde de kabine kargodan karbondioksit s\u0131zmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 intoksikasyon nedeniyle \u00e7\u0131kan problemler son anda \u00f6nlenebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm u\u00e7u\u015f kazalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ani t\u0131bbi yetmezli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %1\u2019den azd\u0131r. (1404 \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc u\u00e7ak kazas\u0131ndan sadece 13\u2019\u00fc ATY nedeniyle olmu\u015ftur.) IATA istatistiklerine g\u00f6re u\u00e7u\u015fta pilotun ATY olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 milyon u\u00e7u\u015fta 0.44\u2019d\u00fcr. Birden fazla pilotlu u\u00e7aklarda bir t\u0131bbi problem y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kaza olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 8 milyon saat u\u00e7u\u015fta 1, pilotun kalp rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irerek inkapasitasyona girmesi ihtimali 20 milyon saatte 1\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131y\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan :<\/strong> Do\u00e7. Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcrken veya istirahat esnas\u0131nda bile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek olan ani t\u0131bbi yetmezlik – ATY (inkapasitasyon) durumlar\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir pilotun ba\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde do\u011facak tehlikenin boyutu bireysel olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar, pilotun ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolcu say\u0131s\u0131ndan da fazla olabilir. Hatta yer ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ya\u015famsal olmayan ve basit m\u00fcdahalelerle yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilecek olan baz\u0131 t\u0131bbi problemler u\u00e7u\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda pilotu yetersizli\u011fe d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme ve a\u011f\u0131r kazalar\u0131n nedeni olabilme potansiyelindedirler. Bir\u00e7ok […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulten"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=979"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":981,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979\/revisions\/981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=979"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=979"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}