{"id":985,"date":"2012-08-12T12:25:49","date_gmt":"2012-08-12T09:25:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=985"},"modified":"2012-08-12T12:25:49","modified_gmt":"2012-08-12T09:25:49","slug":"hava-trafik-kontrolorlerinin-stresleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/?p=985","title":{"rendered":"Hava trafik kontrol\u00f6rlerinin stresleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Bir u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n emniyetle kalk\u0131\u015f, u\u00e7u\u015f ve ini\u015f yapmas\u0131ndan sorumlu 3 ki\u015fi varsa bunlar pilot, bak\u0131mc\u0131 ve hava trafik kontrol\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f havac\u0131l\u0131kta \u00f6zellikle hava trafik kontrol\u00f6rlerinin (HTK) u\u00e7u\u015ftaki paylar\u0131 pilotlar\u0131nkine yak\u0131n ve birinci derecede \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte pilot sorumlulu\u011funda olan pek \u00e7ok \u015fey, bug\u00fcn u\u00e7ak say\u0131 ve h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla HTK\u2019 leriyle payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Farkl\u0131 h\u0131z, irtifa ve y\u00f6nlerde u\u00e7an de\u011fi\u015fik tiplerdeki u\u00e7aklar\u0131, acil ar\u0131za ve \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmeden, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bir hava sahas\u0131 olan meydanlarda ve de\u011fi\u015fen meteorolojik ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda emniyetle y\u00f6netebilmek, bu meslek grubunun bir orkestra \u015fefi gibi bilgili, dikkatli ve maharetli olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Radar, telsiz, telefon gibi elektronik ara\u00e7lardan gelen yo\u011fun bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken, g\u00f6rsel bilgileri de bunlarla birle\u015ftirmek, gece ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ise neredeyse u\u00e7aklar\u0131 k\u00f6rlemesine idare etmek olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7 bir i\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0130ngilizce olarak \u00f6zel bir terminoloji ve semboloji ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen ileti\u015fim de ayr\u0131 bir problemdir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hatalar\u0131n bile u\u00e7ak kazalar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, HTK\u2019lerinin korkulu r\u00fcyas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu meslek grubunun, \u201ci\u015fle ilgili stres y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn fazla oldu\u011fu, i\u015flerinin hi\u00e7 hata yapmadan s\u00fcratli ve kesin karar vermeyi gerektirdi\u011fi, kontrol\u00f6r\u00fcn hava trafi\u011finin beyni ve kilit personel oldu\u011fu,\u201d konular\u0131nda yazarlar fikir birli\u011fi i\u00e7indedirler. HTK\u2019lerin stresleri, bir yaz\u0131da hastane yo\u011fun bak\u0131m personelinin stresleriyle e\u015f tutulmakta; her iki grubun da kritik, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve yetenek gerektiren me\u015fguliyetleri oldu\u011fu bildirilmektedir. B\u00f6ylesine stresli bir g\u00f6rev yapan HTK meslek grubunda hipertansiyon ve EKG anomalileri, kontrol gruplar\u0131ndan 2 kat fazla; mide \u00fclseri, haz\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 gibi psikosomatik yak\u0131nmalar da anlaml\u0131 derecede y\u00fcksek bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

HTK\u2019 lerine uygulanan ki\u015filik testlerinden California Personality Inventory\u2019 de t\u00fcm skalalar normal s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde bulunmu\u015ftur. 11.000 ABD\u2019li HTK\u2019 nin Cattell PF-16 ortak profilinde ise soyut d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilme yetene\u011fi, entelekt\u00fcellik, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00fcstben, kendini kontrol edebilme, kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinde \u0131srarl\u0131l\u0131k gibi olumlu y\u00f6nde ta\u015fmalar belirlenmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yo\u011fun Havaalanlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anket \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kontrol\u00f6rler; yo\u011fun strese ra\u011fmen mesleklerinin prestijli ve doyumlu oldu\u011funu, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015ften gurur duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir. Stres fakt\u00f6rleri olarak \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 sorumlu tutmu\u015flard\u0131r; bunlar y\u00f6netim hatalar\u0131, vardiyal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zorluklar\u0131, elektronik alet sorunlar\u0131 ile asli g\u00f6revlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki di\u011fer i\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019de yap\u0131lan ba\u015fka bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ise, HTK\u2019lerinin durumluk ve s\u00fcrekli kayg\u0131 (STAI) puanlar\u0131 beklenenin aksine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bulunmu\u015ftur. \u00dclkemizde 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda Spielberger S\u00fcrekli Kayg\u0131 Envanteri (STAI), Zung Depresyon Skalas\u0131 ve bir psikososyal anket kullan\u0131larak taraf\u0131m\u0131zdan da bir stres de\u011ferlendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 82 kule operat\u00f6r ve trafik kontrol\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada s\u00fcrekli kayg\u0131 ve depresyon puanlar\u0131, kontrol grubundan da, T\u00fcrk toplumu i\u00e7in standardize edilmi\u015f de\u011ferlerden de, ABD\u2019li meslekta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n skorlar\u0131ndan da y\u00fcksek bulunmu\u015ftur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya al\u0131nan 82 HTK\u2019 nin s\u00fcrekli kayg\u0131 puan ortalamalar\u0131 43.4, depresyon skalas\u0131 puan ortalamalar\u0131 ise 47.9 bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu rakamlar \u201cy\u00fcksek kayg\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rda depresyon\u201d i\u015faret eder gibidir.<\/p>\n

HTK\u2019leri \u00f6zg\u00fcn ifadelerinde, ekonomik gelirlerinin ek tazminatlarla artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, kadrolar\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesini, g\u00f6rev d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sorumluluklardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131, vardiyal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenlerinin iyile\u015ftirilmesini ve elektronik te\u00e7hizat\u0131n modernle\u015ftirilmesini istemekteydiler. Buna ra\u011fmen \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6revlerinden memnun oldu\u011fu ancak stres y\u00fcklerinin bir u\u00e7u\u015f kazas\u0131n\u0131 da kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilecek nitelikte oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih itibariyle, son 1 y\u0131ll\u0131k periyoddaki u\u00e7u\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7birinde kule sorumlulu\u011fu saptanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.)<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rev ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00fcst\u00fcn performans, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n uygunlu\u011fu, mesleki doyum ve motivasyon unsurlar\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir. 10 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin anketlerindeki g\u00f6rev motivasyonuyla ilgili co\u015fkulu ifadeler, test skorlar\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nemliydiler. Ne yaz\u0131k ki bunu say\u0131sal olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcp objektif olarak g\u00f6stermek olana\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yoktur. \u0130\u015f stresinin, i\u015f sevgisiyle a\u015f\u0131labilecek bir \u015fey oldu\u011funu unutmayarak, kontrol\u00f6rlerin i\u015f sevgilerini \u00f6rselememenin yollar\u0131 aranmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 kimsenin \u00f6rselenmi\u015f, heyecan\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f, t\u00fckenmi\u015f (burned-out) HTK\u2019leri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen bir u\u00e7akta ne m\u00fcrettebat, ne de yolcu olarak u\u00e7may\u0131 kabullenmesi beklenemez. G\u00f6revleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yo\u011fun stres y\u00fck\u00fcne girerek, baz\u0131 bedensel ve ruhsal rahats\u0131zl\u0131klara aday olmay\u0131 kabullenmi\u015f durumdaki hava trafik kontrol\u00f6rleri, emniyetli bir u\u00e7u\u015fun g\u00f6lgede kalm\u0131\u015f mimarlar\u0131d\u0131r ve kesinlikle motive edilmeleri gereklidir.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131y\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan :<\/strong> Do\u00e7. Dr. Muzaffer \u00c7eting\u00fc\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n emniyetle kalk\u0131\u015f, u\u00e7u\u015f ve ini\u015f yapmas\u0131ndan sorumlu 3 ki\u015fi varsa bunlar pilot, bak\u0131mc\u0131 ve hava trafik kontrol\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f havac\u0131l\u0131kta \u00f6zellikle hava trafik kontrol\u00f6rlerinin (HTK) u\u00e7u\u015ftaki paylar\u0131 pilotlar\u0131nkine yak\u0131n ve birinci derecede \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte pilot sorumlulu\u011funda olan pek \u00e7ok \u015fey, bug\u00fcn u\u00e7ak say\u0131 ve h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla HTK\u2019 leriyle payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmu\u015ftur. Farkl\u0131 h\u0131z, irtifa ve y\u00f6nlerde u\u00e7an de\u011fi\u015fik tiplerdeki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bulten"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=985"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":987,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985\/revisions\/987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hvtd.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}